KF After Before Aggregation

BW OLAP Aggregation
Lothar Schubert, BW RIG SAP Labs America, LLC March 2003
Introduction The Role of the OLAP Engine
Basic InfoCube
Business Explorer
With Data
InfoProvider Interface
Master Data MultiProvider ODS Object
OLAP Engine
No Data
Virtual InfoCube
InfoSet
SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name
Overview
KF/CKF Properties and Exception Aggregation OLAP Processor Under the Hood Case Study Revenue Calculation Calculation with Reference to Characteristic Formula Collision Percentage and Summary Functions
Overview
Exception Aggregation Settings on KF Level
Example:
Department Headcount D1 100 D2 80 Result 180 << SUM Month Headcount 1/3/03 160 2/3/03 180 Result 170 << AVG, with regards to Month
Exception Aggregation - Counting

CNT: Counting of all values with respect to reference characteristic Business Scenario: How many different materials does a customer have "Open Orders" for?
Exception Aggregation - Average

AVG: Average of all values with respect to reference characteristic Business Scenario: Average "Open Order Qty" per Material Calculation Steps
Aggregate values using standard aggregation
Aggregate values using exception aggregation
Drill-down by Material explains result

309 = ( 225 + 20 + 630 + 360) / 4
Exception Aggregation First & Last Value

FIR, LAS Exception Aggregation (see note 310791)
Should only be used with non-cumulative key figures Generally use time characteristic as reference characteristic If being used for cumulative key figures: Completeness of values with respect to reference characteristic necessary. If being used with non time char. as reference characteristic: Sorting is done ascending according to key (internal presentation)
Plant
Posting Date Value 1 06/15/03 25 1 06/16/03 15 2 06/15/03 20 Posting Date Value 1 2
Cumulative InfoCube Example:
Plant
Result
15 << last posted value concerning plant 1 - 6/16 20 << last posted value concerning plant 2 - 6/15 15 << last posted value concerning plant 1+2 - 6/16
Key Figure (Selection, Formula) Properties
Note, that the those calculations always act on displayed data only
CKF Aggregation Behavior Assignment

Complexity Assignment, if of type= KF Exception Aggregation Behavior (and reference) can be set freely Default is setting of underlying Basic KF PROPERTIES
10
CKF Aggregation Behavior Simple

Complexity Simple, if exclusively operands of same aggregation, where operands can have complexity Simple themselves (KF, Constants, CKF) Before / After Aggregation can be set
11
CKF Aggregation Behavior Complex

Complexity Complex applies to all other cases Enhance options are not ready for input (greyed out) Calculation always occurs after aggregation
12
Overview
13
OLAP Initialization
Check Authorizations
Is it ok to execute query? Is it ok to read data from InfoProvider?
Process Variables
Exit for global variables (before variable input) is processed Prompt for variable input Exit for global variables (that failed before input) is processed Variable values are distributed to fixed filter, hierarchy settings, dynamic filter, conditions & exceptions, formulas,
Initialize OLAP Processor Notify Presentation hierarchies (if used) Check time stamps for OLAP cache (and release respective Ids)
14
OLAP Processor in Detail I
1. OLAP request arrives from client

Request for free characteristics Request for Dynamic filters
2. Include additional characteristics necessary for aggregation / calculation. For example:

Exception aggregation Elimination of internal business volume Formula variables with replacement from attribute value, if used in restricted key figure (RKF)
3. Check authorization for navigation state (where necessary) 4. Search for Cached data in OLAP Cache
Skip steps 5-14 and go to step 15 if cached data is found
15
OLAP Processor in Detail II
if OLAP Cache is NOT utilized
5. Request data from database 6. Receive data from database

Data arrives in blocks up to 1000 rows Data is still separated by InfoProvider (in case of MultiProvider) Data is still separated by Aggregate of InfoCube Data is still separated into cumulative and non-cumulative key figures
7. Call BusinessAdd-In Virtual Characteristics and Key Figures 8. Check global filters (if not already done by database) 9. Add attributes values for variables with replacement from attribute used in RKF 10. Separate data according to RKFs and selections in structure elements 11. Perform currency translation 12. Process sums and calculated key figures (CKFs) before aggregation 13. Aggregate data to detail level (see 2.) 14. Perform Hierarchy aggregation
16
OLAP Processor in Detail III

15. Filter and aggregate data (result lines) 16. Perform Elimination of Internal Business Volume (where applicable) 17. Perform Exception aggregation
18. Execute Currency/Unit aggregation 19. Add attributes values for variables with replacement from attribute used in formulas 20. Calculate formulas and CKFs after aggregation
Check Currencies/Units
21. Perform List Operations, e.g.

Sort Conditions Local calculations/aggregations Cumulated values
17
Overview
18
OLAP Engine, w/ Example of Revenue Calculation

InfoCube contains field Quantity Material Attribute contains field Price Revenue should be calculated by the OLAP Processor
KH_ATTRIBUTE_REPLACEMENT
Calendar year Key Figures KHMAT2 KHMAT2 M1 M2 Overall Result Quantity, CKF (QU * PR)
Quantity 11.000 PC 15.000 PC 26.000 PC
CKF (QU * PR) $ 110.00000 PC $ 300.00000 PC $ 410.00000 PC
KH_ATTRIBUTE_REPLACEMENT
Calendar year Key Figures KHMAT2 Calendar year 2001 2002 Overall Result Quantity, CKF (QU * PR)
Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26.000 PC
CKF (QU * PR) $ 190.00000 PC $ 220.00000 PC $ 410.00000 PC
19
Data Model (1)
Key Figure Quantity
InfoCube Definition
20
Data Model (2)
Price Attributes
InfoCube Definition
21
Data
InfoCube
Material Master
22
Formula Variable, based on Attribute Value
23
1. Try: Usage in Formula
KHMAT2 M1 M2 Overall Result
Quantity 11.000 PC 15.000 PC 26.000 PC
'KHF1' * 'Quantity' $ 110.00000 PC $ 300.00000 PC X
Calendar year 2001 2002 Overall Result
Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26.000 PC
'KHF1' * 'Quantity' X X X
24
2. Try: RKF, Before Aggregation (1)
Price
25
2. Try: RKF, Before Aggregation (2)
Quantity = AVG, CKF, Before Material M1 M1 M2 M2 Material M1 M2 Result Year 2001 2001 2002 2002 Year Quantity 5 6 7 Price 10 10 20
Quantity Price 11 15 26
20 40 60
Quantity 11.000 PC 15.000 PC 26.000 PC
KHK1_BEFORE $ 20.00 $ 40.00 $ 60.00
Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26.000 PC
KHK1_BEFORE $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $ 60.00
26
3. Try: RKF, After Aggregation
Quantity = SUM, CKF, After Material M1 M2 Material M1 M2 Result Year 2001 2001 Year Quantity Price 11 15 Quantity Price 11 15 26
Quantity 11.000 PC 15.000 PC 26.000 PC
KHK1_AFTER $ 10.00 $ 20.00 $ 30.00
10 20 30
Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26.000 PC
KHK1_AFTER $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $ 30.00
27
4. Try: Formula, using CKF from before
Quantity = SUM, CKF, After Material M1 M1 M2 M2 Material M1 M2 Result Material M1 M2 Result Year 2001 2002 2001 2002 Year Quantity 5 6 7 8
Qu * Pr = Formula Price Qu * Pr
Quantity Price 11 15 26 Quantity Price 11 15 26
Qu * Pr 10 20 30 Qu * Pr 110 300 780
Year
KHMAT2 Quantity M1 11.000 PC M2 15.000 PC Overall Result 26.000 PC

Calendar year Quantity 2001 12.000 PC 2002 14.000 PC Overall Result 26.000 PC
KHK1_AFTER $ 10.00 $ 20.00 $ 30.00

KHK1_AFTER $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $ 30.00
'Quantity' * 'KHK1_AFTER' $ 110.00000 PC $ 300.00000 PC $ 780.00000 PC

'Quantity' * 'KHK1_AFTER' $ 360.00000 PC $ 420.00000 PC $ 780.00000 PC
10 20 30
Quantity = SUM, CKF, After Material M1 M1 M2 M2 Material Year 2001 2002 2001 2002 Year 2001 2002 Result Quantity 5 6 7 8
Qu * Pr = Formula Price Qu * Pr
30 30 30
Qu * Pr 360 420 780
28
5. Try: Revenue Calculation within RKF (1)
29
5. Try: Revenue Calculation within RKF (2)
Quantity = SUM, CKF, After Material M1 M1 M2 M2 Material M1 M2 Result Year 2001 2002 2001 2002 Year Quantity 5 6 7 8
Qu * Pr = CKF Price Qu * Pr
KHMAT2 Quantity M1 11.000 PC M2 15.000 PC Overall Result 26.000 PC

CKF (QU * PR) $ 110.00000 PC $ 300.00000 PC $ 410.00000 PC

CKF (QU * PR) $ 190.00000 PC $ 220.00000 PC $ 410.00000 PC
10 20 30
Qu * Pr 110 300 410
30
Some additional Notes

Be careful when using multiple aggregation types (see example below, for a mix of before and after). Allowed in CKF:

= KF * Attribute, = KF / Attribute, = Attribute, = Attribute / KF
e.g. = Quantity * Price e.g. = Quantity / Price e.g. = Price e.g. = Price / Quantity
Not allowed in CKF (i.e. leading potentially to unwanted results):

Performance impacts, in case of before aggregation
All required records have to be read into OLAP processor (and processed individually) No aggregates cannot be applied Datasets are processed individually per InfoProvider first Before aggregation does not allow formulas with mix of KF types
In case of MultiProviders
In case of Inventory (non cumulative) InfoCubes
Always consider calculation already in UpdateRules (see Note 379832)

Quantity 11.000 PC 15.000 PC 26.000 PC

Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26.000 PC
KHK1_BEFORE $ 20.00 $ 40.00 $ 60.00

KHK1_BEFORE $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $ 60.00
KHK1_AFTER $ 20.00 $ 40.00 $ 60.00

KHK1_AFTER $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $ 60.00
CKF (QU * PR) $ 110.00000 PC $ 300.00000 PC $ 410.00000 PC

CKF (QU * PR) $ 190.00000 PC $ 220.00000 PC $ 410.00000 PC
31
Overview
32
Motivation
Mostly, the OLAP first aggregates data and then applies calculations Sometimes you would like to change this sequence (however you do not want to use before aggregation for all characteristics combinations, due to performance reasons) Example Cube Data:
Price per Unit
Here, it would be ok to aggregate first by Material and Month, but its required to perform the calculation prior to aggregation on Order.
33
After Aggregation would deliver wrong results
34
Usage of Reference to Characteristic (1)
35
Usage of Reference to Characteristic (3)
This attribute is available for every Characteristic (also 2.0b/2.1c) Also here: Consider performance impacts Perhaps calculation can already occur in Update Rules.
36
Overview
37
Formula Collision
Quantity 2001 12.000 PC 2002 +14.000 PC Summary 26 PC Quantity 2001 12.000 PC 2002 14.000 PC Summary 26 PC Quantity 2001 12.000 PC 2002 14.000 PC Summary 26 PC Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26 PC Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26 PC Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26 PC
*'Quantity' * 'Quantity'
144.00000 PC^2 196.00000 PC^2 676.00000 PC^2 'Quantity' * 'Quantity' 144.00000 PC^2 196.00000 PC^2 676.00000 PC^2 'Quantity' * 'Quantity' 144.00000 PC^2 196.00000 PC^2 340.00000 PC^2
Available in case of formulas with multiple structures, under Formula Properties. Collisions always occur when point and dash calculations or functions are mixed in competing formulas. If you do not make a definition, the formula that was set (defined and saved) last takes priority.
38
Overview
39
Percentage Functions (1)

a%b a%Ab difference in percentage: share in percentage:
How much does a value deviate from the absolute amount of b: = (a-)/abs(b)? How large is a share a for the total value b: = a/abs(b)
%CTa
GTa
share in terms of percentage for the result:

share in terms of percentage for the total result:
The value of the key figure a is related to the next higher value that is aggregated (the "subresult" of a with respect to a characteristic is 100%). The value of the key figure a is related to the aggregated value for all characteristics (the "result" of the entire table for the key figure a is 100%).
%RTa
share in terms of percentage for the report result:
The value of the key figure a is related to the aggregated value for all characteristics, for which the dynamic filter is ignored. If, for example, a free characteristic is restricted by a filter value, the global result of the key figure a in the displayed table is not 100%. The aggregation via all filter values results in 100%.
40
Percentage Functions (2)

KHMAT2 KHMAT2 M1 Calendar year Quantity 2001 5.000 PC 2002 6.000 PC Result 11.000 PC 2001 7.000 PC 2002 8.000 PC Result 15.000 PC 26.000 PC 'Quantity' % 10 -50.00000 % -40.00000 % 10.00000 % -30.00000 % -20.00000 % 50.00000 % 160.00000 % 'Quantity' %A 10 50.00000 % 60.00000 % 110.00000 % 70.00000 % 80.00000 % 150.00000 % 260.00000 % %CT 'Quantity' 45.45455 % 54.54545 % 42.30769 % 46.66667 % 53.33333 % 57.69231 % 100.00000 % %GT 'Quantity' 19.23077 % 23.07692 % 42.30769 % 26.92308 % 30.76923 % 57.69231 % 100.00000 % %RT 'Quantity' 19.23077 % 23.07692 % 42.30769 % 26.92308 % 30.76923 % 57.69231 % 100.00000 %
M2
Overall Result
KHMAT2
M1 'Quantity' % 10 -50.00000 % -40.00000 % 10.00000 % 'Quantity' %A 10 50.00000 % 60.00000 % 110.00000 % %CT 'Quantity' 45.45455 % 54.54545 % 100.00000 % %GT 'Quantity' 45.45455 % 54.54545 % 100.00000 % %RT 'Quantity' 19.23077 % 23.07692 % 42.30769 %
a%b
difference in percentage
a%Ab %CTa GTa %RTa
share in percentage share in terms of percentage for the result share in terms of percentage for the total result share in terms of percentage for the report result
41
Summary Functions
SUMGTa
The value of the key figure a is related to the aggregate value via all characteristics. Aggregation is completed using the deepest-level characteristic.
SUMCTa
The value of the key figure a is related to the next highest aggregate value.
SUMRTa
The value of the key figure a is related to the aggregate value of all characteristics in which the dynamic filter is ignored.
KHMAT2 KHMAT2 M1 Calendar year Quantity 2001 5.000 PC 2002 6.000 PC Result 11.000 PC 2001 7.000 PC 2002 8.000 PC Result 15.000 PC 26.000 PC SUMCT 'Quantity' 11.000 PC 11.000 PC 26.000 PC 15.000 PC 15.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC SUMGT 'Quantity' 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC SUMRT 'Quantity' 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC
M2
Overall Result
KHMAT2
M1 SUMCT 'Quantity' 11.000 PC 11.000 PC 11.000 PC SUMGT 'Quantity' 11.000 PC 11.000 PC 11.000 PC SUMRT 'Quantity' 26.000 PC 26.000 PC 26.000 PC
42

KF After Before Aggregation

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KF After Before Aggregation

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BW OLAP Aggregation

Lothar Schubert, BW RIG SAP Labs America, LLC March 2003

Introduction The Role of the OLAP Engine

Master Data MultiProvider ODS Object

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

Exception Aggregation Settings on KF Level

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

Exception Aggregation - Counting

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

Exception Aggregation - Average

Aggregate values using exception aggregation

Drill-down by Material explains result

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

Exception Aggregation First & Last Value

Posting Date Value 1 06/15/03 25 1 06/16/03 15 2 06/15/03 20 Posting Date Value 1 2

Cumulative InfoCube Example:

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

Key Figure (Selection, Formula) Properties

CKF Aggregation Behavior Assignment

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

CKF Aggregation Behavior Simple

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

CKF Aggregation Behavior Complex

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

OLAP Processor in Detail I

1. OLAP request arrives from client

2. Include additional characteristics necessary for aggregation / calculation. For example:

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

OLAP Processor in Detail II

if OLAP Cache is NOT utilized

5. Request data from database 6. Receive data from database

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

OLAP Processor in Detail III

21. Perform List Operations, e.g.

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

OLAP Engine, w/ Example of Revenue Calculation

Quantity 11.000 PC 15.000 PC 26.000 PC

CKF (QU * PR) $ 110.00000 PC $ 300.00000 PC $ 410.00000 PC

Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26.000 PC

CKF (QU * PR) $ 190.00000 PC $ 220.00000 PC $ 410.00000 PC

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

Data Model (1)

Key Figure Quantity

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

Data Model (2)

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

Formula Variable, based on Attribute Value

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

1. Try: Usage in Formula

KHMAT2 M1 M2 Overall Result

Quantity 11.000 PC 15.000 PC 26.000 PC

'KHF1' * 'Quantity' $ 110.00000 PC $ 300.00000 PC X

Calendar year 2001 2002 Overall Result

Quantity 12.000 PC 14.000 PC 26.000 PC

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

2. Try: RKF, Before Aggregation (1)

SAP AG 2002, Title of Presentation, Speaker Name

2. Try: RKF, Before Aggregation (2)

KHMAT2 M1 M2 Overall Result