ABACUS MENTAL

ARITMETIC

1st Day 2nd Day

3rd Day
 1st DAY

Introduction Addition Subtraction

 BASIC KNOWLEDGE
OF AMA ( 1 HOUR)

Various parts of abacus

Frame
Preparation Beam
Sitting posture Rod
Placing abacus Upper bead
Holding of abacus Lower bead
Holding of pen/pencil Clearing device ( if there
is a button)

Formula The movement of Fingers

 +/- 5 Thumb
 +/- 10 Fore finger
Middle finger
Example
 PARTS OF THE ABACUS

Clearing Device Dot = Unit Place Upper Beads

Beam Rod
Frame
Lower Beads
5
1
 move up 1, move down 1

1) Thumb : 2) Forefinger :
move up 1 move down 1
 move up 2, move down 2

1) Thumb :
move up 2 2) Forefinger :
move down 2
 move up 3, move down 3

1) Thumb : 2) Forefinger :
move up 3 move down 3
 move up 5, move down 5

1) Middle finger : 2) Middle finger:

move up 5 move down 5
 move up 6, move down 6

1) Thumb and 2) Middle finger and

middle finger: forefinger :
move up 6 at the move down 6 at the
same time. same time.
 move up 7, move down 7

1) Thumb and 2) Middle finger

middle finger : and forefinger :
move up 7 at the move down 7 at the
same time. same time.
 move up 8, move down 8

1) Thumb and 2) Middle finger and

middle finger : forefinger :
move up 8 at the move down 8 at the
same time. same time.
832
9920
3809
Group of 1 to 4
(+/- 5)

(+) (-)
+1=+5-4 -1=-5+4
+2=+5-3 -2=-5+3
+3=+5-2 -3=-5+2
+4=+5-1 -4=-5+1
 Group of 1 to 9
(+/- 10)

(+) (-)
+1=-9+10 -1=+9-10
+2=-8+10 -2=+8-10
+3=-7+10 -3=+7-10
+4=-6+10 -4=+6-10
+5=-5+10 -5=+5-10
+6=-4+10/+1-5+10 -6=+4-10/-1+5-10
+7=-3+10/+2-5+10 -7=+3-10/-2+5-10
+8=-2+10/+3-5+10 -8=+2-10/-3+5-10
+9=-1+10/+4-5+10 -9=+1-10/-4+5-10
 ADDITION

Practice

Example 1 : Move up 1, move up 2.

I. “Move up 1, move up 2, how to move?”

II. “Ready?”
III. “Move up 1”
IV. “Move up 2”
V. “What is the value on the abacus now?”
 Example 2: Move up 3, move up 5.

I. “Move up 3,
Example move
2: Move up 3,up 5,uphow
move 5. to move?”
II. “Ready?”I. “Move up 3, move up 5, how to
move?”
III. “Move up 3”
II. “Ready?”
IV. “Move upIII. 5” “Move up 3”
IV. “Move up 5”
V. “What is V. the
“Whatvalue
is theon the
value abacus now?”
on the
abacus now?”
 Example 3: Illustrate 2+5=7

I. “2+5, how to do it?”

II. “Ready?”
III. “First, 2 up 2”
IV. “Plus 5, up 5.”
V. “Equals 7.”

Example 4: Illustrate 6+2=8

I. “6+2, how to do it?”

II. “Ready?”
III. “First, 6 up 6”
IV. “Plus 2, up 2.”
V. “Equals 8.”
Example 5: Illustrate 23 + 13 =

I. 23 + 13. How do we calculate it?

II. Ready;
III. First, move up 23.
IV. Plus 13, move up 1 at Tens
and move up 3 at Ones.
V. Equals to 36.
 Example 6: Illustrate 14 + 27 =

(1) 14 + 27. How do we calculate it ?

(2) Ready;
(3) First, move up 14.
(4) Plus 27, up 2 at Tens and up 7 at Ones,
but there are not enough beads at Ones;
so down 3 and carry 1.
(5) Equals to 41.
 (1) 17 + 15 + 18. How do we calculate it ?
(2) Ready;
(3) First, move up 17.
(4) Plus 15, up 1 at Tens and up 5 at Ones, but
there are not enough beads at
Ones;
so down 5 and carry 1.
(5) Plus 18, up 1 at Tens and up 8 at Ones, but
there are not enough beads at Ones;
so down 2 and carry 1.
(6) Equals to 50.
12 + 5 + 11 = 28
21 + 16 +12 = 49
15 + 12 + 21 = 48
21 + 16 + 2 = 39
25 + 12 + 11 = 48
DO THE CALCULATION USING ABACUS

1+1=2 10+3=13
1 +8=9 11+7=18
2+2=4 15+2=17
2+5=7 16+2=18
3+6=9 12+5=17
5+10=15 27+12=39
3+15=18 23+51=74
2+16=18 31+56=87
11+3=14 35+62=97
1+3=4 36+51=87
 SUBSTRACTION

Practice.

Example 1: Move up 11,move down 6

I. “Move up 11, move down 6, how to do it?”

II. “First, move up 11.”
III. “Move down 6, not enough beads. How to do it?
IV. “Think, who is the big friend of 6? It’s 4.”
 Example 2: 37 – 25=

(1) 37 – Example
25. How do we calculate
2: Move up 3, move up 5.
it?
(2) Ready; I.move?” “Move up 3, move up 5, how to

(3) First, move up

II. “Ready?” 37.
III. “Move up 3”
(4) Minus 25, move
IV. “Move up 5”down 2 at Tens
V. “What is the value on the
and moveabacus downnow?” 5 at Ones.

(5) Equals to 12.

Example 3: Illustrate 15 – 9 = 6

I. “15 - 9, how to do it?”

II. “Ready?”
III. “First, 15 up 15”
IV. “Minus 9, move down 10
and move up 1 at Ones.”
V. “Equals 6.”
 Example 4: Illustrate 32 – 17 = 15

(1)32 – 17. How do we calculate it?

(2) Ready;
(3) First, move up 32.
(4) Minus 17, down 1 at Tens and down 7 at Ones,
but there are not enough beads at Ones;
so remove 1 and up 3.
(5) Equals to 15.
 Example 5: Illustrate 50 - 1 = 49

(1) Move up 50, move down 1. How do we move it?

(2) Ready;
(3) First, move up 50.
(4) Then move down 1, but there are not enough beads at Ones;
what do we do ?
so remove 1 and up 9.
It is 5 at Tens; what do we do?
Up 4 and down 5.
 Example 6: Illustrate 50 – 3 - 18 =

(1) 98 – 21 – 14. How do we calculate it?

(2) Ready;
(3) First, move up 98.
(4) Minus 21, down 2 at Tens and
down 1 at Ones.
(5) Minus 14, down 1 at Tens and
down 4 at Ones.
(6) Equals to 63.
 Example 7: Illustrate 36-1=35

(1) 36-1=___. How do we calculate it ?

(2) Ready;
(3) First, move up 36.
(4) Minus 1, down 1,
(5) Equals to 35.
How about this calculation?

5–3=2 5–2=3
6–1=4 7–4=3
8–4=4 15- 3 = 12
16 – 3 = 13 15 – 2 = 13
18 – 4 = 14 15 – 1 = 14
 Exercise

1) 5–3 = 1) 15 – 3 – 11 =
2) 6–2 = 2) 25 – 14 – 10 =
3) 18 – 4 = 3) 46 – 13 – 12 =
4) 16 – 3 = 4) 38 – 24 – 14 =
5) 27 – 14 = 5) 26 – 12 – 11 =
6) 18 – 4 – 2 = 6) 48 – 34 – 4 =
7) 28 – 14 – 10 = 7) 57 – 21 – 12 =
8) 36 – 13 – 23 = 8) 29 – 14 – 13 =
9) 25 – 22 – 3 = 9) 67 – 32 – 15 =
10) 17 – 11 – 3 = 10) 55 – 22 =
 SUBTRACTION

1) 10 – 4 = 1) 34 – 5 =
2) 12 – 5 = 2) 16 – 8 =
3) 18 – 9 = 3) 25 – 7 =
4) 14 – 5 = 4) 31 – 18 =
5) 20 – 7 = 5) 26 – 18 =
6) 12 – 8 = 6) 45 – 19 – 1 =
7) 26 – 9 = 7) 24 – 15 – 3 =
8) 17 – 8 = 8) 22 – 18 – 2 =
9) 28 – 19 = 9) 41 – 9 – 22 =
10) 30 – 5 = 10) 32 – 19 – 9 =
DIRECT ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

1) 2+2+5 = 1) 9–3–1–5 =
2) 3+5+1 = 2) 8–6–1 =
3) 11 + 2 + 1 + 5 = 3) 18 – 12 – 5 =
4) 12 + 1 + 5 = 4) 38 – 21 – 5 =
5) 22 + 1 + 1 = 5) 26 – 15 – 10 =
6) 31 + 11 + 2 = 6) 48 – 21 – 12 – 5 =
7) 21 + 11 + 10 = 7) 17 – 10 – 1 – 5 =
8) 12 + 20 + 11 = 8) 29 – 15 + 10 – 12 =
9) 10 + 31 + 3 = 9) 46 – 21 + 3 + 11 =
10) 13 + 11 + 20 = 10) 12 + 25 – 11 – 15 =
 Exercise 1
• 11 + 24 − 13 = 22
• 13 + 22 − 24 = 11
• 24 + 12 − 13 = 23
• 32 + 43 − 12 = 63
• 43 + 24 − 23 = 44