Entrepreneurship Management

Women Entrepreneurs- Definition

An enterprise owned and controlled by one or more women having a minimum financial holding of 51% or more, giving 51% or more employment to women. Some Facts:

Women Constitute not only half of the Worlds population but also sway the growth of the remaining half
They produce half of the worlds food supply They account for 60% of the work force Own less than 1% of the real estate

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Barriers to Women Entrepreneurship

Level Individual Barriers

Household /Family
Men decide about expenses

Business
Less income= less property= no security= no loan Lack of management know-how

Community/ Government
In some countries, signature of husband required for loan Women discriminated in terms of access to economic resources In male dominated industries, women entrepreneurs are not accepted

Financial

Women look for security

Economical

Women get less education

Women lack support for household work Violence against women by husband

SocioCultural

Independent thinking is not allowed to women

Limited mobility problems with the marketing, transportation & selling of goods

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Barriers to Women Entrepreneurship

Level Individual Household/ Business Family Barriers Political-Legal
Women act privately, not politically Women have got less influence and negotiation power in the family Less means to exert power/less protection by the state for women entrepreneu rs Lack of knowledge about women Entrepreneurs to be able to develop appropriate policies

Community/ Government

Psychological Philosophical

Low selfesteem, do not dare to demand rights

Women are divided

Women are afraid to be more successful than men/husba nds

State views men as the ones who publicly represent the family

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How can the problem be overcome?

Women have to go through the same stages of setting up an enterprise as do men They face similar challenges, irrespective of gender based social impediments like social stigma, unfavorable infrastructure, support systems, etc. which block their entry and reduce their pace of growth The need today is to help women overcome these blocks and draw maximum participation from them to set up enterprises, which will help them

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How can the problem be overcome?

Educate/train the women entrepreneurs

Help then in setting up of home based businesses

Make easy finance available Develop special schemes for women entrepreneurs Achieve self reliance and place women entrepreneurs at par with their male counterparts Develop gender sensitivity Examine the processes of gender inequality Acquire skills of identification of potential women entrepreneurs

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Empowerment is not only an external process, but a process that has to bring about intrinsic changes in women as well as in men When women get organized and raise their consciousness about their disempowerment and use their critical understanding to organize themselves and struggle for greater access to resources, there are very few problems they could face

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SCHEMES FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

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Seed Money Assistance

Funds for unemployed youth and women aged 18 to 35 years, with minimum qualification- Std. VII th pass @ 10% Maximum seed capital available Rs.5 Lakh

Assistance percent is 10% to 15% of total fixed capital, 22.5% for backward classes
Repayment period- 7 years

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Prime Ministers Employment Guarantee Scheme

Maximum age of 35 years, with qualification- X th pass Assistance by way of loans up to 95% of project cost 15% subsidy is made available

Subsidy of up to 15% or Rs.7,500, whichever lesser provided by government of India

Parents of the candidates cannot have annual income exceeding Rs.24,000

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DIC scheme
Encouragement to start women entrepreneurship in areas with population of less than 1 Lakh Investment in machinery up to Rs.2 Lakh is allowed 20% of this investment is granted as seed capital For backward classes, the seed capital is up to 30% The interest rate is 4% Remaining capital needs to be financed by banks/financial institutions

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Single Window Scheme

Scheme by SIDBI to provide fixed and working capital from a single source Project cost excluding working capital and margin money, can go up to Rs. 20 Lakh

Repayment period-10 years

Founders capital- Minimum 25%

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Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal (MAVIM)

Established on the 24th February,1975 Schemes: Maharashtra Rural Credit Programme (MRCP), Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), Swayamsiddha Programme (IWEP), Mahila Swavalamban Nidhi (MSN), Ramai Mahila Shakshamikaran (SCP), NABARD Add-On Project, Rashtriya Samvikas Yojana (RSY), Krushi Saptak Yojana and Tribal Development Project (TSP) Activities/objective: Self employment of women, training them in various product and service industries, assisting them to start business and manage it

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Mahila Udyog Nidhi and Mahila Vikas Nidhi

Started by SIDBI in 1990 Provides finance up to Rs.10 Lakh through state financing corporation and SIDO. Financial assistance provided as concessional rate Mahila Vikas Nidhi also provides assistance in training women entrepreneurs

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Trade related entrepreneurship assistance and development scheme: Introduced in the year 1998. This scheme is administered by the ministry of SSI. This programme aims at economic development of women in rural, urban and semi-urban areas. It develops the entrepreneurial skills, eliminates constraints faced by them and strengthen their trade network.

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Government policy support: Industrial policy 1991 laid emphasis on the development of entrepreneurship among women. The policy has a strategy for the holistic development of women. The industrial policy has further envisaged special training programmes to support women entrepreneurs. And according to the policy women entrepreneurs are getting training through various EDPs programmes conducted by various institutions and organisations at the central and state levels. The small industries development organisation( SIDO) is also providing technological schemes for the establishment of SSI units.

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SIDBI EFFORTS: The bank has designed programmes with a focus on women. Like :- mahila vikas nidhi, mahila udhyan nidhi, micro credit scheme etc. These all schemes and programmes are formulated with the objective of providing training and financial assistance for the women entrepreneurs.

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Some associations in India: WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WING OF NAYE:- THE NATIONAL ALLIANCE OF YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS(NAYE) has a separate wing for women entrepreneurs. It seeks to create unity among female entrepreneurs and encourage them to participate actively in countrys industrialisation. INDIAN COUNCIL OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS:- It is situated in new Delhi and is rendering valuable services for the promotion of women entrepreneurship in India.

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CONTINUED
NATIONAL COMMISION ON SELF EMPLOYED WOMEN IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR:- This commission assists the vast network of mahila mandals in India to obtain raw materials, credit and market assistance for women entrepreneurs. WORLD ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN ETREPRENEURS:- This association organizes the international conferences on women entrepreneurs. Its aims to bring together all women who are qualified to take up an active and leading part in employer organisations.

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