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GSM Coding Scheme

MOBILE DIVISION ZTE CORPORATION Oct, 2004

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Agenda
GSM Voice Service GSM Packet Service

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Voice service of GSM


FR Full Rate speech/channel EFR Enhanced Full Rate HR Half Rate speech/channel AMR

Adaptive Muti-Rate speech

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Voice service flow of GSM


Um 22.8kbps/11.4kbps

Abis interface 16kbps/8k

Voice Code(TC)

MS

BTS

BSC

MSC

Channel Code(CCU)

A interface A-law 64kbps

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Voice Service

Sampling frequency 8KHz(03400Hz voice)

Speech frame: 20ms

8KHz20ms=160

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Compare with PSTN and PHS


PSTN
PCM: 64kbps (A-law or -law), MOS4.3

PHSPCS
ADPCM: 32kbps, MOS4.3

GSM
<16kbps. MOS<4.1

Specific codec algorithm shall be adopted.

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FR(Full Rate)
Algorithm: RPE-LTP-LPC
Data rate after encoding: 13kbps Quality of data after encoding: MOS3.8

encoding 64kbps LPC decoding FR encoding LTP RPE 13kbps

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EFR(Enhanced Full Rate)


Algorithm: ACELP
Data rate after encoding: 12.2kbps Quality of data after encoding: MOS4.1

encoding 64kbps LPC decoding EFR encoding LTP ACE 12.2kbps

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HR(Half Rate)
Algorithm: VSELP Data rate after encoding: 5.6kbps Quality of data after encoding: MOS3.7

encoding

64kbps
LPC decoding HR encoding LTP VSE

5.6kbps

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AMR(Adaptive Multi-Rate)
Algorithm: MR-ACELP Data rate after encoding: 4.75 kbps - 12.2kbps Quality of data after encoding: MOS3.7

encoding

64kbps
LPC decoding HR encoding LTP MR-ACE

AMR

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AMR(Adaptive Multi-Rate)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4.75 kbps 5.15 kbps 5.90 kbps 6.70 kbps 7.40 kbps 7.95 kbps 10.2 kbps 12.2 kbps (GSM EFR)

1. Select proper encoding rate adaptively according to state report of different channel. 2. Be prepared for transition from 2G to 3G. 3. Changeable data data rate is suitable for packet transmission such as IP transmission.
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Voice decode model

adaptive codebook

gp v(n)

fixed codebook gc

u(n)

1 A(z) LP synthesis

^ s(n)

post-filtering

^ s'(n)

c(n)

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Comparison of GSM voice code schemes


encoding rate (kbps) scheme FR 13 EFR 12.2 HR 5.6 cost transit to /channel 3G lowest No high No highest No

Quality(MOS) normal(3.8) high(4.1) lower(3.7), declining very rapidly as environment goes bad

complexity lowest high higher

AMR

Aim at 3G. The best quality for both network 4.75~12.2 and subscriber. MOS is between HR and EFR.

highest

highest

Yes

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Protection of voice channel encoding


Um: FR: 22.8kbps HR: 11.4kbps Protect bit: FR139.822.8 (kbps) EFR12.210.622.8 (kbps)

HR5.65.811.4(kbps)
AMR 22.8 (kbps) 11.4 (kbps)

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Voice Quality of HR

Encoding scheme FR EFR HR

Algorithm RPE-LTP-LPC ACELP VSELP

bit rate after bit rate on MOS encoding (bps) Abis (bps) 13k 16k 3.8 12.2k 16k 4.1 5.6k 8k/16k 3.7

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HR
Abis interface unit and TRAU shall be upgraded to support HR
Processing of HR configuration, PM and service flow Uplink: HR frame decoded to 64k voice channel Downlink: 64k voice channel encoded to 16k HR channel
B SS CC M B ST CC U

Processing of HR frame

Uplink: 8k to 16k conversion Downlink: 16k to 8k conversion

B T S

Support HR handset service

Abis interface 8k HR channel

B SR CM M

16k HR channel

16k HR channel

A interface 64k voice channel

LAN

Processing of HR configuration, PM and related OMM

OMC- R server

OMC-R Client

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Effect of HR to the system


1. Load of MP

a) Load of MP increase by about 1. The structure of database is more complicated and the quantity of PM counter increase.

2. a) b)

RF parameters Network congestion will be improved No impact to the coverage

c)

Quality of voice is lower

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Agenda
GSM Voice Service GSM Packet Service

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GPRS

(General Packet Radio Services)


Scheme Code
Rate

USF
bits

Precoded USF bits

Radio
Block (excl. USF and BCS)

BCS

Tail
bits

Coded Punctured
bits bits

Data
Rate (kbps)

CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4

1/2 ~2/3 ~3/4 1

3 3 3 3

3 6 6 12

181 268 312 428

40 16 16 16

4 4 4 0

456 588 676 456

0 132 220 0

9.05 13.4 15.6 21.4

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EDGE

(Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution )


Enhanced GSM Phase II+, higher bit rate. The max bit rate of GSM data service is 14.4kbps, and the max bit rate of EDGE can reach up to 48kbps. EDGE is a good alternative of UMTS 3G.

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EDGE channel encoding scheme


Scheme MCS-9 MCS-8 MCS-7 MCS-6 MCS-5 MCS-4 MCS-3 MCS-2 MCS-1 Modulate Max bit rate (kbps) 59.2 59.2 44.8 29.6 22.4 17.6 14.8 11.2 8.8 rate of code rate head code 1 0.36 0.92 0.36 0.76 0.36 0.49 1/3 0.37 1/3 1 0.51 0.85 0.51 0.66 0.51 0.53 0.51 Pics (20ms) 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sector A A B A B C A B C

8PSK

GMSK

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