On the road to

4G Wireless

Evolution to 4G
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CDMA
2G CDMA (IS-95A)

GSM/UMTS
GSM TDMA IS-136

IEEE Cellular
IEEE 802.16

IEEE LAN
IEEE 802.11

2.5G

CDMA (IS-95B)

GPRS

802.11g

3G

cdma 2000

E-GPRS EDGE

WCDMA FDD/TDD

TDSCDMA LCR-TDD Fixed WiMAX 802.16d Mobile WiMAX 802.16e

802.11a

3.5G

1xEV-DO Rev 0/A/B

HSDPA FDD/TDD

HSUPA FDD/TDD

WiBRO

802.11g

3.9G

UMB 802.20

LTE E-UTRA

HSPA+

802.11n

4G what it is ?
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4G = 4th Generation mobile communications 4G = B3G = Beyond 3rd Generation (UMTS, IMT-2000) mobile communications Foreseen to become available after 2010 A 4G system will provide an end-to-end IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at higher data rates than previous generations ITU Recommandation ITU-R M.1645:

Systems beyond IMT-2000 will be realized by functional fusion of existing, enhanced, and newly developed elements of IMT-2000, nomadic wireless access systems and other wireless systems, with high commonality and seamless interworking.

Targeted data rates (with wide area coverage and significant mobility) = 50 to 100 Mbits/s Wider bandwidth End-to-end Quality of service High security Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere Affordable cost and one billing

4G Features
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Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services. High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit. Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks. Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Better scheduling and call admission control techniques. Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

4G Characteristics
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Broad trends - enabled by 4G networks

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Growing mass: 4G will allow the mass-market take-up of such activities as videosharing, multimedia exchanges, and real-time and remote collaboration with very high quality of experience (QOE). Going virtual: Change in human behavior. today, many are using networked alternatives and extensions, such as Wikipedia and Flickr -like sites Going social: Social networks have grown very rapidly on the basis of wireline networks growth, and also introduce an element of going from one-to-one communications to one-tomany and many-to-many. Going personal: Making services more personalized. 4G mobile network, tied to the applications that can be deployed through the combination of high speeds and low latencies to provide very personalized experiences

Mobile subscribers forecast

LTE is expected to account for around 9% of all mobile subscribers by 2015 7

Revenues ($ Billiion)

Key business trends

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1.

Global Telecom Spending Patterns Realigning

Early growth in international capex, US capex lag

2.

Rise in Mobile Data Revenues Internationally

ARPUs up by 25% CAGR, US [< 5% CAGR]

3.

50% Rise in Mobile Voice Subscribers [+1.4B]

International +100%, US +15% Emerging markets to remain unsaturated through 2012 Mobile broadband subscribers up 275% [+750M]

4.

New Mobile Services Taking Hold SK/Japan/Nordics

Provide impetus to mobile data services

5.

Operators Consolidating Domestically While Expanding Overseas Total number of 4G subscribers worldwide, including both LTE & WiMAX is expected to exceed 90 million in 2013 (ABI Research)

6.

Trends in applications
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Mobile marketing and advertising Mobile Search M-commerce/M-Wallet Mobile Gaming Mobile e-Mail Presence, MMS, Instant Conferencing, push-tovideo, and mobile news Content

Business potential viewed with great enthusiasm within dominant and leading markets. Knee for takeoff : replicate desktop success SMS messaging enables interactivity with other forms of entertainment (e.g., Polling)., Credit purchases. Evolving into Casual Gaming with challenges for distribution and revenue collection. Going mass scale as productivity enhancer to move into rank and file employees beyond executives and field sales force. MusicStation (UK) from Vodafone: Omniphones deal with Telenor (Sweden), 3 (HK), and Vodacom (SA). Focus shifting from Major Media Brand - Formal Content to User Generated Content in mobile networks. Photo swapping, mobile social media, one-to-one communications Music and video sharing, with subscribers via ads and P2P E.g., SeeMeTV by 3 allows video uploaders to get paid when their content is downloaded. Deals with (Vodafone/MySpace, Sprint/GOOG), Android

Revenue sharing

Webco Platform

Drivers for adopting 4G

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Opportunity for bundling with other services Reducing operational costs (OPEX) Introducing new applications and services Competition pressures Consolidating number of networks

Multi-play devices available in the markets

Multiple terminals Smart simplicity Outstanding performance

Technology moving towards 4G

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Different radio access technologies for 4G

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WiMAX 802.16e, WiBro

Key technology Duplex Channel Bandwidth Mobility Peak Data Rate Coverage Frequency Commercial ready DL UL OFDMA, MIMO TDD/FDD 10 MHz Middle
46 Mbps 14 Mbps

IEEE 802.20
OFDMA, MIMO TDD/FDD 5 ~ 20 MHz High (~250 Km/h)
260 Mbps 60 Mbps

3GPP LTE
OFDMA/SC-FDMA, MIMO TDD/FDD 1.25 ~ 20 MHz High (~250 Km/h)
100 Mbps 50 Mbps

2 ~ 5Km (typical) Band 2 ~ 6GHz 2007 ~ 2008

MAN scale Below 3.5 GHz unexpected

< 20km, WAN scale WCDMA band with additional band 2009 ~ 2010

Enabling technologies for 4G

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Broadband Wireless

Higher Spectral efficiency

Seamless Inter-working

E2E QoS

Increase Bandwidth

Feasibility

Common Transport

Low latency

Spectral efficiency

LDPC codes Cost-effective High dimension Modulation

Fast MAC

Fast Scheduling All IP

Feasibility MIMO Relay system Cognitive Radio

Fast Resource management

Fast Resource Control

Multi-carrier transmission

Challenges in migration
Areas
Multimode User Terminals

Challenge
To design a single user terminal that can operate in different wireless networks, and overcome the design problems To discover the available wireless systems by processing the signals sent from different wireless systems The proliferation of wireless technologies complicates the selection of most valuable technology To located and update the locations of the terminals in various systems. To integrate the existing non-IP based and IP based systems and to provide QoS for end to end services Heterogeneity of wireless networks complicates the security issue To minimize the failures and potential impacts in any level of tree-like topology in wireless networks Collect, manage and store customer accounting info from multiple service providers. Also customers need detailed information. Providing seamless personal mobility to users without modifying the existing servers in heterogeneous systems

Solutions
Software radio approach can be used User or system initiated discoveries, with automatic download or software modules for different wireless systems Wireless systems can be selected according to the best possible fit of user QoS requirements Signaling schemes and fast handoff mechanisms are proposed Clear and comprehensive QoS for UMTS is proposed Modifications in existing security schemes may be applicable Fault-tolerant architectures are proposed Various billing and accounting frameworks are proposed Personal mobility frameworks are proposed

Mobile station

Wireless System Discovery

Wireless System Selection

Terminal Mobility

Network Infrastructure and QoS Support

System

Security

Fault Tolerance and Survivability Multi-operators and Billing System

Service

Personal Mobility

4G Technology roadmap
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2006

2007
HSDPA/HSUPA DL:14.4Mbps UL:5.76Kbps BW:5MHz

2008

2009
HSPA DL:28Mbps UL:11.5Kbps BW:5MHz

2010
LTE DL:100Mbps UL:50Kbps BW:20MHz

2011

HSDPA DL:14.4Mbps UL:384Kbps BW:5MHz

IEEE 802.16e-2004 DL:14.4Mbps UL:5.76Mbps BW:5MHz

IEEE 802.16e-2005 DL:14.4Mbps UL:5.76Mbps BW:5MHz

IEEE 802.16e2005 DL:50Mbps UL:4Mbps BW:10MHz

IEEE 802.20 DL: Mbps UL: Mbps BW:20MHz

Multimode Terminal (3 modes)

Multimode Terminal (n modes)

Multimode Terminal with load awareness network support

SWOT Analysis 4G
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Comparing 3G vs 4G
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Attribute
Major Characteristic Network Architecture Frequency Band Component Design Bandwidth Data Rate Access Forward Error Correction Switching Mobile top Speed IP Operational

3G
Predominantly voice- data as add-on Wide area Cell based 1.6 - 2.5 GHz Optimized antenna; multi-band adapters 5 20 MHz 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps WCDMA/CDMA2000 Convolution code 1/2, 1/3; turbo Circuit/Packet 200 kmph Multiple versions ~2003

4G
Converged data and VoIP Hybrid integration of Wireless Lan (WiFi), Blue Tooth, Wide Area 2 8 GHz Smart antennas; SW multi-band; wideband radios 100+ MHz 20 100 Mbps MC-CDMA or OFDM Concatenated Coding Packet 200 kmph All IP (IPv6.0) ~2010

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4G Wireless LTE & WiMax

Two competing 4G standards

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Future Competition LTE & WiMAX

CN RNC RNC

Competition
NodeB

SAE GW

NodeB

NodeB

NodeB

WiMAX
aGW

LTE

IP transmission network

eNodeB

eNodeB

Its an evolution & revolution from HSPA to LTE How to protect existing investment through smooth upgrade?

LTE is 2 years later than WiMAX wave1 (performance comparable to HSPA), furious competition

Large amount of IP transmission resource is necessary for LTE & WiMAX

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3GPP LTE or the so-called Third Generation Partnership Programme Long Term Evolution is the name given to a project develops the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope and manage with future requirements in terms of wireless technology. LTE will be used for mobile, fixed and portable wireless broadband access
LTE is work on the evolutionary development of the core architecture of mobile networks, called system architecture evolution (SAE). The 3GPP group- ground has been prepared for the successful completion of Release 8 - containing specifications for LTE - by the December target. 3GPP has frozen the specifications for LTE, with final formal ratification expected in March 2009

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LTE enabling services and enriching existing 3G applications

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Broadcast and Multi-cast Services: one-to-many transmission of high-quality video and audio Industrial: Maintenance, Military, 3D CAD Gaming: real-time P2P and multiplayer gaming with console quality and performance

Video Telephony Multimedia conferencing & net meeting: videoconference plus real time office applications

Location Based Services: user or device-based

AV/multimedia: enhanced performance with legacy download and streaming applications

E-commerce: Travel services, electronic ticketing & stock trading with assured QoS and security

Requirements of LTE
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Peak data rate

100 Mbps DL/ 50 Mbps UL within 20 MHz bandwidth.

Up to 200 active users in a cell (5 MHz) Less than 5 ms user-plane latency Mobility

Optimized for 0 ~ 15 km/h. 15 ~ 120 km/h supported with high performance. Supported up to 350 km/h or even up to 500 km/h.

Enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast service (E-MBMS) Spectrum flexibility: 1.25 ~ 20 MHz Enhanced support for end-to-end QoS

LTE enabling technologies

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OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Frequency domain equalization SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output)

Multicarrier channel-dependent resource scheduling

Fractional frequency reuse

LTE Services
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LTE promises to enhance the delivery of mobile broadband services while adding exciting new valueadded service possibilities LTE brings the characteristics of todays Web 2.0 into the mobile space for the first time Enriched consumer user experience will be typified by the large-scale streaming, downloading and sharing of video, music and rich multimedia content

Operators adopting LTE

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Most carriers supporting GSM or HSPA networks can be expected to upgrade their networks to LTE at some stage:

AT&T Mobility has stated that they intend on upgrading to LTE as their 4G technology, but will introduce HSUPA and HSPA+ as bridge standards. T-Mobile, Vodafone, France Telecom, Telia Sonera and Telecom Italia Mobile have also announced or talked publicly about their commitment to LTE.

However, several networks that don't use these standards are also upgrading to LTE:

Alltel, Verizon Wireless, the newly formed China Telecom/Unicom and Japan's KDDI have announced they have chosen LTE as their 4G network technology. Verizon Wireless will begin deploying Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless broadband technology by the end of 2009 , with wide scale commercial rollout sometime in 2011. They have chosen to take the natural GSM evolution path as opposed to the 3GPP2 CDMA2000 evolution path Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB). Telus Mobility and Bell Mobility have announced that they will adopt LTE as their 4G wireless standard.

Operators plan towards migrating to 4G

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Migration of mobile networks to 4G is driven primarily by unserved, latent demand for personal and mobile broadband services. Mobile WiMAX and LTE are emerging as the primary candidate radio technologies for service providers, for which the 4G technology roll-outs will most likely start in the 2010-2012 timeframe T-Mobile will skip HSPA+ to get more out of its 3G mobile broadband network and will instead move straight on to LTE. TeliaSonera will roll out 4G mobile broadband standard LTE over its newly won 2.6GHz spectrum in Sweden. The operator plans to launch commercial services for consumers and businesses in 2010.

Sample of key Industry players

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Mobile WiMAX
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802.16 Network architecture

4G & the Business Model

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Traditional market model The structure of market model is changing because of such factors as the advent of content and data services, end user demands, regulatory influences, and competitive forces. New structure and value chain is more like a sphere, with a web of partnerships and various routes to reach the end user. The value of some existing players will be squeezed, but new entrants, brands, device vendors, and content creators can also increase their value. This causes disruptions in the market model, but also creates new opportunities, and this should be the driving force for all players to consider new business models.

New market model

Conclusion
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Convergence is the disruptive concept of the 4G mobile networks Migration to 4G networks will be evolutionary 4G, convergence of networks, technologies, applications and services, will offer a personalized and pervasive network to the users 4G can serve as a flexible platform for whatever services operators, can conceivably throw at it 4G seems to be a very promising generation of wireless communication that will change the peoples life in the wireless world 4G is expected to be launched by 2010 and the world is looking forward for the most intelligent technology that would connect the entire globe.

THANK YOU