Presenters Name :

Azhari Fithrah

What Is Groundwater?

SIKLUS HIDROLOGI

SIKLUS HIDROLOGI

SIKLUS HIDROLOGI

 Evaporation: The process by which water is changed from liquid to a gas or vapor. and why it occurs ? Transpiration : The process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. Evapotranspiration: The process by which water vapor is discharged to the atmosphere as a result of evaporation from the soil and transpiration by plants Condensation : The process in which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water. Precipitation: The discharge of water, in liquid or solid state, out of the atmosphere, generally upon a land or water surface

 Surface runoff: Precipitation runoff which travels over the soil surface to the nearest stream channel Streamflow: The movement of water in a natural channel, such as a river

Infiltration: The downward movement of water from the land surface into soil or porous rock
Ground-water discharge: The movement of water out of the ground Spring: Place where a concentrated discharge of ground water flows at the ground surface

 Sublimation : The conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage

 Ground water is water held within the interconnected openings of saturated rock beneath the land surface. Rain and snowmelt infiltrate the ground. Soil and rock act as giant sponges full of tiny pores and cracks that are usually less than millimetres in size. Below the water table, these holes are full of water. This is groundwater.

Banyaknya kandungan airtanah di suatu daerah tergantung pada :

Iklim terutama curah hujan Vegetasi Topografi

Litologi
Derajat porositas batuan Struktur geologi

Kondisi lingkungan

Distribusi Vertikal Airtanah

Soil water zone Zone of aeration

Soil water

intermediate zone

Pellicular dan gravitational water

Suspended water (vadose water)

capillary zone

Capillary water mat

Zone of saturation

Groundwater

Bedrock

Faktor pengontrol infiltrasi a.l : karakter hidrolik material kemiringan lereng, gravitasi dan

vegetasi

Sifat Batuan Terhadap Airtanah

Akuifer Akuiklud Akuifug Akuitard

Jenis Akifer Unconfined aquifer Confined aquifer Leakage aquifer

Perched aquifer

Mata Air (Springs)

pemusatan dari pengeluaran airtanah yang muncul pada permukaan tanah sebagai arus dari aliran air (Todd & Tolman).
air yang keluar secara alamiah pada suatu tempat dari celah yang tertentu (Ries).

Jenis mata air Depression springs Contact springs Farcture artesian springs

Solution springs

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