INTRODUCTION TO HISTOTECHNIQUE

SBD 2133 BY MS. YAS

WHAT IS HISTOPATHOLOGY
Core subject : Anatomy (Ana = up , tome = to cut) Histology = the study of normal tissues. Histolopathology = the study of disease tissues. Cytology = study of cells. Also known as cellular pathology. Histology is complementary to other biological sciences.

Summary of Histopathology Techniques

1.

2.
3.

4. 5. 6. 7.

Grossing Fixation Processing (Dehydration & Clearing) Embedding Sectioning Staining Mounting

TISSUE PROCESSING

1 SAMPLE COLLECTION /
RECEIVING

3 DEHYDRATION

2 FIXATION

4 CLEARING 5 SECTIONING 6 STAINING

7 MOUNTING

 Ideally would prefer to study living tissues but not possible. Any method that alters the tissues making them more readily studied risked possibility that tissue no longer represent the living tissue. The more preparative technique learned, the better the understanding. Preparing tissues alters all kinds of tissues and produces artefacts. Artefacts are changes in the tissues brought about by the technique used; they are errors, introduced during the processing of tissues.

PREPARATION OF TISSUES

TYPES OF ARTEFACTS
Material lost from the tissues during section preparation. Materials can be gained by the tissue during section preparation. Structures can be altered or distorted during section preparation.

ASSIGNMENT Paper report

GROUP WORK (4-5 Students pergroup) Topic : Cytology and Related Techniques Due Date : 25th APRIL BY 6 PM Each group must submit a softcopy of their report. Submission to be done in EKLAS . NO HARDCOPY REQUIRED. Pages no : MIN 20, MAX 30. BE CREATIVE IN HOW YOU EXPRESS YOUR PAPER. WRITE DOWN WHICH PART YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR.

Important topics : What is cytology. Advantages and disadvantages of cytology. How can it be used for screening. What is a gynecological smear and types. What type of staining methods used in gynecological smear. Smear constituents. Describe the changes that occur in a gynecological smear with age, menstrual cycle and pregnancy and the underlying causes of these changes. Outline the appearance of a smear showing inflammation and name some common causes of inflamation. Describe the changes in smear in pre-malignant and malignant states.