Presentation on Biodiversity Management, Forest Management, and Water Management.

Meaning of Biodiversity:

Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. It encompasses the differences within and among all living organisms at their different levels of biological organization genes, species, populations, communities, habitats as well as their interactions.

Biodiversity Management:

To help companies manage their environmental impacts, environmental management systems (EMS) have been developed.

Environmental Managements Systems (EMS) Environmental management system (EMS)

refers to the management of an organization's environmental programs in a comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented manner. It includes the organizational structure, planning and resources for developing, implementing and maintaining policy for environmental. Identifying the significant environmental aspects of the company. Setting targets to reduce environmental impact. Measuring progress in reaching the targets. Adjusting targets or setting new targets with information acquired by measuring the progress in order to achieve continuous improvement

The best known Environmental management systems are:

ISO 14.001 EMAS.

What is ISO 14.001

ISO 14.001 is an international environmental management system developed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization). The prefix 14 indicates it is an environmental management system, the number 001 that it is a general management system. ISO 14.001 only implicitly focuses on biodiversity.

What is the mean of EMAS?

EMAS (Eco Management and Audit Scheme) is a European EMS that can only be used by organizations (public and private) in EU countries. For an organization to become EMAS certified, it has to satisfy more requirements than to receive the ISO 14.001 certification. it requires an organization to publish an environmental statement.

Impact on biodiversity:
Direct. Indirect.

For example:
In cement industry: Direct impacts:
Conversion/destruction of habitats through land clearance for the development of production and mining sites, as well as the construction of access roads and other auxiliary infrastructures. Alteration of habitats through mining, management and rehabilitation of quarries . Disturbance of wildlife by noise from blasting and quarry traffic, and increased human access. Emission of pollutants to land (e.g. deposits of cement kiln dust), air (dust emissions) and water (run-off from tailings) .

Indirect impacts:

Contributions to climate change (which in turn has a major impact on biodiversity) caused by the emissions of the cement plants, the use of energy in cement production and transportation Procurement processes within the companys supply chains and the products it purchases (e.g. fuel, additives, construction of new plants) Social and associated environmental changes that might be caused locally or regionally through company operations.

Forest management

Definition:
Forest management is providing a forest the proper care so that it remains healthy and vigorous and provides the products and the amenities the landowner desires. "Forest management is the application of appropriate technical forestry principles, practices, and business techniques (e.g., accounting, cost/benefit analysis, etc.) to the management of a forest to achieve the owner's objectives."

The Planning Process:

1)Identify Landowner Objectives.
Examples of Forest Landowner Objectives:

Source of Income Product Yield Security Wildlife Habitat Pride & Self-Satisfaction 2)Resource inventory 3) Develop and Implement the Management Strategy 4) Review the Management Plan

Types of Written Plans :

Management and Stewardship Plans. Practice/Activity Plan.

Why Have a Forest Management Plan?

Forest management plans allow you to sort out what you really want from your forest and help you successfully and efficiently reach your goals.

How Do You Do Forest Management Planning?

The six basic steps for developing a forest management plan for your property are: 1. Seek the assistance of a professional. 2. Determine your goals and objectives. 3. Inventory and evaluate your resources. 4. Formulate an activity schedule. 5. Implement activities and monitor progress toward meeting your intended goals. 6. Review your plan every few years and update it when necessary.

Components of a Forest Management Plan:

Should include: 1) Ownership goals and management objectives: this is the heart of the plan and describes what you want to gain from your property and resources. 2) Maps: help to describe the property and resources and may include topographic maps, soils maps, cover type or stand maps, and aerial photos, if available. 3) Property boundary description: a legal description of your property location and acreage. 4) Resource inventory data: descriptions of water bodies, wildlife, vegetation, soils, topography, and access. Timber inventory data should include information on the species, sizes, quality, and quantity of timber; stand structure and condition; and the presence and extent of forest pests (bark beetles, mistletoe, etc).

5) Management recommendations: detailed management options and how they relate to ownership goals and objectives. 6) Activity schedule for recommendations: specifies a timeline for management activities.

Water management

Water management:
Water management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Water management is concerned with the use of water in industry and agriculture.

Water resources:

Water resources are defined as the sources by which we can get the water for our different types of uses and also those sources that gives the huge benefit to the life of the humans is referred to as the water resources. The water that is used in the production of different types of useful products also included in the water resources

Types of water resources:

Saltwater resources. Surface water resources. Ground water resources.

Ninety-seven percent of the water on the Earth is salt water. Only three percent is fresh water; slightly over two thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air

Factors Affecting the Water resources:

Climate.
Physiographic factor.

Industry bodies are encouraging companies by recognizing their proactive implementation of sustainable water management programs
company
Water mgt technique applied
Rainwater harvesting Sewage water management and recycling.
Installed 9 check dams and 18 recharge wells for water harvesting

Initiatives
Invested $0.47 MM for water conservation and $4.6 MM for ongoing projects in 2006-2007

Watershed management

Set up 36 lift irrigation projects, 27 small check dams and 150 tanks for rainwater harvesting at Renukoot, Uttar Pradesh between 2004-2007 Provided irrigation water for 16,000 Hectares of land, increasing agricultural production by 17,850 mt and benefiting 20,655 farmers Saved 1 MM liters/day at their cement plant in Chaibasa, Jharkhand during 2006-2007

Rainwater harvesting

Hindalco

Community programs Rainwater harvesting Water consumption monitoring

ACC LTD Rainwater harvesting Recycling water from cooling towers Wipro Limited Harvested 8.5 MM liters of rainwater through projects at 6 locations across India in 2007-2008

An ice free Arctic?

Arctic sea-ice extent: decrease since mid1970s

1979

2003

Melting of polar ice sheets would rise global sea level and make statues more accessible

Many challenging task in the management of water resources with respect to the following:
Irrigation Projects:

Design, Engineering & Construction of command area for field channels and field drains. Land leveling and shaping. Construction of aqueducts and all inline concrete structures. Drip irrigation projects. River Intakes. Barrages & Dams. Transmission mains and service reservoirs. Tunnel work. Port Development

Hydro Projects:

Conclusion:

Water, forest and biodiversity management has great impact on human and human activities. Water is essential for a wide range of human activities. It is essentials to human health. And biodiversity management is manage the environmental impact. And forest management provides the products and the aminities the landowner objectives.

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