MICRO TEACHING

Presented By: Sonia M.Sc. Nursing-1st Year

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INTRODUCTION
The term microteaching was first coined by Dwight Allen and his colleagues at Stanford university in 1963.microteaching is one of the most recent innovations in teacher training programme which aims at modifying teachers behavior according to the specified objectives. Microteaching controlled practice that makes it possible to concentrate on teaching behavior in the student teacher training programs.

MEANING
Microteaching is a procedure in which a student teacher practices teaching with a reduced number of pupils (6-10) in a reduced period of time (5-6) with emphasis on a narrow and specific teaching skill. oIt is skill training technique. oIt is short session teaching technique. oTo train inexperience student-teachers for acquiring teaching skills. oTo improve the skills of experience teacher
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DEFINITION
A scaled down teaching encounter in class size and class time. D.W ALLEN in (1966). Microteaching is a scaled down teaching encounter in which a teacher teaches a small unit to a group of five pupils for a small period of 5 to 20 minutes - L.C. Singh (1977) Use of cloud circuit television to give immediate feedback of a trainee teachers performance in a simplified environment Urwin in 1970.

OBJECTIVES
To enable teacher trainees to learn and assimilate new teaching skills under controlled conditions. To enable teacher trainees to master a number of teaching skills. To enable teacher trainees to gain confidence in teaching.

CHARACTERISTICS
The duration of teaching as well as number of students are less. Only one teaching skill is considered at a time. There is a provision of immediate feedback. In microteaching cycle, there is facility of re planning, reteaching and re-evaluation.

It puts the teacher under the microscope.

All the faults of the teacher are observed.

The problem of discipline can also be controlled.

PRINCIPLES (1/3)
Principle of Reinforcement In microteaching, the student teacher is given encouragement from time to time for his or her better performance with the feedback and as a result of this reinforcement, feedback and reteaching so that he or she becomes perfect. Principle of practice and drill

Teaching is a complex skill which needs constant drills and practice and there by pupil gain mastery.

PRINCIPLES (2/3)
Principle of Evaluation In microteaching process, the student teacher is evaluated in his or her teaching skills so that he or she can be perfect in his or her teaching skills. Principle of Experimentation In microteaching new skills can be experimented and if it is accepted it can be used In normal classroom settings.

PRINCIPLES (3/3)
Principle of Microscopic Supervision In microteaching the supervisor sees through all important points paying full attention to one point at a time.

Principle of continuity
In this first the student teacher teaches a topic and then the supervisor gives feedback, then again the teacher re teaches after making corrections in previous teaching this time to a new group.
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PHASES (1/2)
There are three phases of the Micro-teaching procedure.

1. Knowledge Acquisition Phase (Pre-Active Phase)

Provide knowledge about teaching skills. Observe the demonstration of teaching skill. Analyze and discuss the demonstration of the teaching skill. 2. Skill Acquisition Phase (Inter-active Phase)

Planning and preparation of micro lesson for a skill. Practicing the skill. Evaluation of the practiced skill (Feedback). Re-plan, Re-teach and re-feedback till skill achieved.

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PHASES (2/2)
3.Transfer Phase (Post Active Phase) Giving opportunity to use the mastered skill in normal class room teaching. Integrate the different skill practiced.

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COMPONENTS
1. Student Teacher- The student who gets the training of a teacher is said to be student-teacher. Various capacities are developed in them during training such as capacity of class management, capacity of maintaining discipline and capacity of organizing various programmes of the school / college etc. 2. Feedback Devices- Providing feedback is essential to make changes in the behavior of the pupils. This feedback can be provided through video-tape, audio-tape and feedback questionnaires.
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MICROTEACHING CYCLE
The six steps generally involved in micro-teaching cycle are: Plan Teach Feedback Re-plan Re-teach Re-feedback

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TEACHING SKILLS (1/5)

1. Introduction Skill: The skill of introducing a lesson involves establishing rapports with the learners, promoting their attentions, and exposing them to essential contents. Components of this skilla) Preliminary Attention Gaining: b) Use of previous knowledge:. c) Use of Appropriate Device:

d) Link with new topic:

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TEACHING SKILLS (2/5)

2. Skill of Probing Question: Probing questions are those which help the pupils to think in depth about the various aspects of the problem. By asking such questions again. He enables the pupils to understand the subject deeply.

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TEACHING SKILLS (3/5)

3. Skill of Explanation: To present the subject-matter in the simplified form before the pupils . It involves a ability of the teacher to describe logically How, Why and What of concept, event etc.
Precautions for skill of Explaining:

a) It should be in simple language.

b) It should not be given the shape of an advice. c) The thoughts included in it should be in a sequence. d) It should be according to the age, experience and mental level of the pupils.
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TEACHING SKILLS (4/5)

4. Skill of Stimulus Variation: Stimulus variation is described as deliberate change in the behaviors of the teacher in order to sustain the attention of his learners throughout the lesson. The components of this skill are: Body Movement

Gestures
Change in Voice Focusing Eye-contact and eye-movement Pausing
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TEACHING SKILLS (5/5)

5. Skill of Black-board Writing: Blackboards, being the visual aids, are widely used in all aspects of education and training. The components of the skill of blackboard writing are: i. Legibility ( Easy to read ) ii. Size and alignment ( In a straight line ) iii.Highlighting main points iv.Utilization of the space v. Blackboard summary vi.Correctness vii.Position of the teacher and viii.Contact with the pupils.
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ADVANTAGES (1/2)
1. It focuses on sharpening and developing specific teaching skills and eliminating errors. 2. It enables understanding of behaviors important in classroom teaching. 3. It increases the confidence of the learner teacher. 4. It is a vehicle of continuous training for both beginners and for senior teachers. 5. It provides experts supervision and constructive feedback. 6. It helps to develop and master important teaching skills.
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ADVANTAGES (2/2)
7. It is more effective in modifying teacher behavior.

8. It is an individualized training technique.

9. It reduces the complexity of teaching process as it is a scaled down teaching. 10.It helps to get deeper knowledge regarding the art of teaching.

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DISADVANTAGES
1.It is skill oriented; Content not emphasized.

2.It is very time consuming technique.

3.It requires special classroom setting.

4.It covers only a few specific skills.

5.It deviates from normal classroom teaching.

6.A large number of trainees cannot be given opportunity for re-teaching and re-planning.
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SUMMARY
Microteaching involves presentation of micro lesson. Audience small group of peers. Feedback given by peers role playing as students. Participants learn about strengths & weakness in themselves as teachers. Plan strategies for improvement in performance

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CONCLUSION
Microteaching can be and is most effective in increasing the teaching skills of a teacher. This method can help the student teacher gain a lot of confidence in teaching therefore making a good teacher.

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REFERENCE
Neeraja K.P., 2003, Text of Nursing Education, New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers Publication, Page no- 288-294.
Basavanthappa B.T., 2009, Nursing Education , New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers Publication, Page no.509-514. Aggarwal J.C., 1995, Essentials of Technology, New Delhi, Vikas Publication, Page no. 232-235.

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WEBSITES
www.google.com
http://www.answers.com/topic/microteaching http://sathitech.blogspot.com/2008/11/introduction-to-microteaching.html http://nursingplanet.com/nr/blog6.php/2009/11/23/microteachi ng

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Thanks
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