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Being proficient in English and being able to study in English requires a minimum vocabulary of around:
6000 words
by Bonala Kondal
Word Power
Vocabulary knowledge is the single most important area of language competence and is of concern to all four language skills. It is not easy to listen or speak confidently or read and write effectively if we do not have reasonable vocabulary competence.
Technical Vocabulary
The use of formal words, scientific vocabulary, specialized terminology, and formal phrases and expressions is common in technical communication. Eg. Magma is original source of most of the minerals. The constituent minerals, mostly rockforming silicates and oxides, are deposited at various stages as the magma cools down during its passage.
Word Formation
In English, new words can be formed by using suffixes and prefixes. Suffixes: - A suffix is attached at the end of a root word to form a new word (care+LESS=careless) Prefixes: - A prefix is attached at the beginning of a root word to form a new word (UN+usual=unusual)
Synonyms
A synonym is a word that means the same as another (eg. Shut and close) A good stock of synonyms is essential to be able to use so appropriate and effective language. Synonyms for example: Abandon- leave, forsake Adequate- enough, sufficient Crazy- insane, mad Endorse- approve, back
Antonyms
in order to express a contrast or highlight difference between two objects, things, situations, or persons, antonyms may be used.
List of antonyms Accept- reject Pleasant-unpleasant Scanty-profuse Reverence-scorn Endanger-defend Arrogant-humble Partial-impartial Brutal-humane
Phrasal Verbs
A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition, any of which are part of the syntax of the sentence, and so is a complete semantic unit. A phrasal verb often has a meaning which is different from the original verb.
Phrasal Verbs
eg.1. ASK FOR - to deserve a negative consequence 2. BREAK DOWN to lose control of one's emotions to stop functioning 3. BRING ABOUT - to make happen 4. RUN OVER
to hit with a vehicle
Idioms
An idiom is an expression or phrase often informal and having a meaning of its own which is not apparent from the meaning of its individual words. Eg. Round the bend mad Because idioms can mean something different from what the words mean.
1. 2. 3. 4.
There are several words that may be confusing because they are similar in meaning or pronunciation but have different meanings. Accept-agree: except- to exclude Accede-agree : exceed-surpass Adapt-adjust : adopt-take an idea. Advice-opinion : advise-to counsel
Analogy
It is a comparison of certain similarities between things which are otherwise unlike. It is a comparison between two different things so you can point out something about how they are similar. It is used to add clarity and detail to your writing.
Analogy
Eg. COW: CALF A) Ewe: kid B) Mare: foal C) Hen: rooster D) Ram: lamb E) Sow: pig
What is Jargon?
It has two different meanings. 1. The word refers to the technical vocabulary of a profession, trade or activity like law, tourism, cricket etc. - it is considered to be necessary and useful. 2. It is obscure and often pretentious use of language marked by a roundabout way of expression and use of long words. - it is a bad use of language.