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CHARACTERSTICS

CHARACTERSTICS OF AGRICULTURE
Predominance Cultivation Of Food Grains.

High Diversity Of Crops.


Small Size Of Land Holdings. Intensive Farming.

Use Of Animal And Human Labour.


Dependence Of Rainfall. Minimum Attention On Fodder Crops.

Numerous Problems.
Lack Of Definite Land Use Policy.

PREDOMINENCE CULTIVATION OF FOOD GRAINS


It occupy 76% of total cropped area.
These cereals include rice, wheat, millet, gram, maize, and

pulses which are grown to meet the food requirement.

HIGH DIVERSITY OF CROPS


This agriculture shows the great diversity of crops.

Some times 4-5 crops are simultaneously raised in the same field. This is done to ensure some agriculture production during unfavorable weather condition. This mixed cropping reduces the agriculture output and per hectare yield.

SMALL SIZE OF LAND HOLDING


Due to physical, economic and social factors the

landholdings are tiny, fragmented and unsuitable for modern methods of agriculture.

INTENSIVE FARMING
In chtse area intensive farming is carried on in limited

areas like Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, elsewhere it is practiced on traditional lines. That is why per hectare yield of crop is much lower in these areas.

USE OF ANIMAL AND HUMANS


Agriculture utilizes a number of deaught animal like

bullocks, buffaloes, etc in agricultural work, it is also labor based enterprise where are agriculture operations like tilling, sowing, weeding, sprinkling of insecticides/pesticides, harvesting, threshing, etc are carried by human hands. Although the use of agricultural machinery is replacing animals and human power but the pace of progress is very slow and confined to rich section of the cultivators.

DEPANDENCE ON RAINFALL
Variability in the rainfall in time and space has affect

on concern that despite five decades of constant endeavors only a small cropped area has been brought under irrigation rest is at the mercy of rain-god. That is why when rain fails agricultural production is badly affected, scarcity prevails and price reach sky high.

MINIMUM ATTENTION ON FODDER CROPS


This region puts minimum attention on fodder

crops(about 4% of cropped area). This together with lack of good pastures have determinal effect over the development of dairy farming.

NUMEROUS PROBLEMS
Indian agriculture suffer from numerous problems

that is small land holdings, unscientific method of farming, less irrigation facilities, greater veriability to pest and disease, poverty among farmers and lack of infrastructure facilities etc.

LACK OF DEFINITE AGRICULTURE LAND USE POLICY


At regional level it is on the will of the farmer to grow

one or another crop. This times lead to excess of production and some times scarcity. Lack of marketing and storage . facilities and activity of brokers and middleman deprive farmers to fetch remunerative prices for agricultural products.

DETERMINENTS

DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURE Physical Determination


1. 2. 3. 4. Terrain Topography Altitude Climate

Economic Determination
1. 2. 3. 4. Capital Mechanization & Equipments Transportation Marketing Facilities

Socio-Cultural determination
1. Land Tenancy 2. Labour 3. Religion

Temperature Sunlight & sunshine Dew & hoer frost Moisture Pressure System Wind Humidity Fog & mist Precipitations:
Rainfall Snowfall Half Stonefall Slat 5.

The Soil

Parental Material Climate Living Organisms Time

PHYSICAL DETERMINANTS
1. TERRAIN 2. TOPOGRAPHY 3. ALTITUDE 4. CLIMATE :Temperature Sunlight & sunshine Dew and hoar frost Moisture Wind Humidity Fog and mist Precipitation :Rainfall Snowfall Soils

ECONOMIC DETERMINENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. Capital Mechanization And Equipments Transportation Facilities Marketing Facilities

SOCIO-CULTURAL DETERMINANTS

1. Land Tenancy 2. Labour 3. Religion

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