TRANSPARENT ELECTRONICS

Varsha Anand
1PI09TE121

INTRODUCTION
Its

an emerging science and technology field focused on producing invisible electronic circuitry and opto electronic devices. This technology basically uses TCOs i.e Transparent conducting oxides. These materials are both electrically and optically conductive.

COMBINING OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY

WITH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Transparent

materials->insulators with filled valence band and empty conduction band Conductive materials->filled CB and empty VB Thus transparent conductors are a comprise between these two mutually exclusive properties. In InO2 ,SnO2 ZnO ,CdO->these properties can be achieved

 To

become a TCO ,they have to be degeneratively doped to displace the fermi level up to the conduction band. This provides 1.high mobility 2. low optical absorption. TCOs have 1. High optical transparency. ( Eg>3.1eV) 2. High electrical conductivity. Therefore Si cannot be used as it has band gap of 1.1eV

TRANSPARENT ELECTRONIC
DEVICES

Transparent electronic devices

Transparent Passive devices

Transparent Active devices

PASSIVE DEVICES
Transparent Passive devices

Transparent Thin Film Resistors(TTFR)

Transparent Thin Film Capacitors(TTFC)

Transparent Thin Film Inductors(TTFI)

Transparent Thin Film Resistors

TRANSPARENT THIN FILM RESISTORS

Resistive

material: ITO(indium tin oxide) Typical sheet resistance: 10 to 10^5 ohm/sq Operated at relatively low frequencies so that the effect parasitic inductances are absent They are fabricated on insulators so that the effect parasitic capacitances are absent Conductivity depends on number of oxygen vacancies.

TRANSPARENT THIN FILM CAPACITORS

TRANSPARENT THIN FILM CAPACITORS

Most

insulators are transparent Contact layers are made of highly conducting TCOs (ITO) C=A/d To reduce capacitor size high k dielectric must be used and also thickness can be reduced to increase capacitance.

TRANSPARENT THIN FILM INDUCTORS

It

has relatively poor conductance of TCOs compared to metal Transparent magnetically permeable insulator is not known yet!! Therefore it has parasitic resistance associated with it. It has low quality factor Q . In spite of demerits a transparent microwave antenna being constructed is reported .

TRANSPARENT THIN FILM TRANSISTORS

Constitutes Channel

the heart of transparent electronics

is formed from highly insulating, wide band gap transparent semiconductor(ZnO).

Source,

drain and gate contacts are made from highly conductive TCO (ITO). possible configurations are: Bottom gate Top gate

Two

TTFT

Possible structure, (a) Bottom gate, and (b) Top gate.

OPERATION OF A BOTTOM GATE TFT

Strengths and Weaknesses

Strengths Visible transparency Large area Low cost (solution based deposition and printing) Low temperature processing Technological immaturity Weaknesses High resistance of TCOs Lack of complementary devices

Free real estate

Passive availability (R & C) Robust stable inorganic materials Safe, nontoxic materials

APPLICATIONS
Active

Matrix LCD (AMLCD).

Active

Matrix Organic Light Emitting Device display backplane (AMOLED). added glass. electronics on opaque substrates.

Value

Transparent

 UV

detectors and arrays Transparent solar cells UV detectors for spectrally resolved imaging. Security applications: Invisible cameras and Invisible RFIDs

FUTURE SCOPE
Research

is going on for developing high performance transparent solar cells If transparency of solar cells is achieved at a specific light band, it will lead to new applications such as solar windows. Thus energy is conserved and pollution reduces.

Thank you