Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
forms of energy, for example, sound, kinetic, potential, electrical and chemical to a variety of situations; use formulae to calculate energy change and comment on the significance of the results of the calculations explain the effects of friction on effective energy transfer;
Formulae Sheet
You will need to be able to recall, use and manipulate the formulae below, showing consideration for correct units: Potential Energy = mass (m) x acceleration (g) x height (h) due to gravity Kinetic Energy = x mass (m) x velocity2 (v2) Power = energy transferred (E) or Work Done (w) time taken (t) Cost = Power (P) x time (t) x cost per unit (u) Efficiency (%) = useful energy output x 100 total energy input
Forms of energy
Kinetic Energy
Conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy transfers change the form of the
Energy transfers
Because the total energy is constant, energy is
Heat
Electrical Energy
Light
Mark scheme
relative to another mass, such as the Earth An object dropped from a height will accelerate towards the Earth at an almost constant 9.81Nkg-1 We can calculate the gravitational potential energy an object has from the equation
the object.
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy it the energy something has because it is
Momentum
momentum changes in collisions; the more momentum an object has the harder it is to stop
it; if the object has to lose all its momentum quickly, eg in a car crash, the force needed to stop it will be even greater.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nm5tUzD8oXU
Friction
Friction acts to reduce the effective energy transfer.
relative motion. Friction OPPOSES the motion and is greater the more surface area contact there is. Friction loses energy as heat.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfDFMurv-jM
Mark scheme
Mark scheme
Mark scheme
materials and products are manufactured to increase the impact time and reduce the overall effect of the collision;
Collisions
Head on collisions are the most common cause of severe
and fatal injuries in car crashes. Modern cars have a range of occupant restraint systems designed to decelerate passengers in a controlled way. Otherwise passengers would carry on at their original velocity until the wheel or windscreen decelerated them.
(p=mv) and the final momentum is zero. The force is the time taken to decelerate
Examination question
Mark scheme
Impulse
The change in momentum is also known as
ie mass of bullet (m1) x velocity of bullet (v1) = mass of gun (m2) x velocity of gun(v2) The gun will move back towards you with velocity v2
real-life situations and understand that the work done is equal to the energy transferred; understand that power is the rate of transferring energy.
Work done
Work done = energy input into a system
Power
Power is the rate of energy transfer. This means the
amount of WORK DONE per SECOND. Power is measured in Watts (W) which are equivalent to J/s
Efficiency
The efficiency of something is how much energy you get
Examination question
Mark scheme
Mark scheme
Mark scheme
Examination question
Mark scheme
Mark scheme