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7.1 Introduction
A series-parallel configuration is one that is formed by a combination of series and parallel elements. A complex configuration is one in which none of the elements are in series or parallel.
Return:
Using the resulting source current (Is) to work back to the desired unknown.
Descriptive Examples
Example 7.6 Find the indicated currents and voltages for the network in Fig. 7.17.
Descriptive Examples
Example 7.7 a. Find the voltages V1, V2 and Vab for the network in Fig. 7.20. b. Calculate the source current Is .
Descriptive Examples
Example 7.8 For the network in Fig. 7.22, determine the voltages V1 and V2 and the current I.
Descriptive Examples
Example 7.10 Calculate the indicated currents and voltage in Fig. 7.26.
is the process of introducing elements that will draw current from the system. The heavier the current, the greater the loading effect. The larger the resistance level of the applied loads compared to the resistance of the voltage divider network, the closer the resulting terminal voltage to the no-load levels.
Unloaded potentiometer the output voltage is determined by the voltage divider rule, with RT representing the total resistance of the potentiometer.
Potentiometer Loading
When a load is applied as shown, the output voltage VL is now a function of the magnitude of the load applied since R1 is not as shown in the previous slide but is instead the parallel combination of R1 and RL.
The Voltmeter
The voltmeter
Additional circuitry allows the dArsonval movement to be used as a voltmeter. The millivolt rating is sometimes referred to as the voltage sensitivity (VS) The Rseries is adjusted to limit the current through the movement when maximum voltage is applied.
The Ohmmeter
The ohmmeter
Ohmmeters are designed to measure resistance in the low, mid-, or high range. The most common is the series ohmmeter, designed to read resistance levels in the midrange. The design is different from that of the ammeter and voltmeter because it will show a full-scale deflection for zero ohms and no deflection for infinite resistance. The megohmmeter (megger) is an instrument for measuring very high resistance. Its primary function is to test the insulation found in power transmission systems, electrical machinery, transformers and so on.
7.10 Applications
Boosting a car battery
Cables should have sufficient length (16-ft) with #6 gage stranded wire and well-designed clips. Proper sequence of events in connecting the cable to a car with a discharged battery.
Protective eye equipment is recommended. Identify which terminals are positive and which terminals are negative. Connect the red wire to the positive terminal of the discharged battery making sure that the black lead is not touching the negative terminal or the car. Connect the red wire to the positive terminal of the fully charged battery again making sure that the black lead is not touching the negative terminal of the battery or the car. Connect the black terminal to the negative terminal of the fully charged battery and the black lead of the discharged battery to the block of the car and have someone maintain a constant idle speed on the car with the good battery.
Applications
It is advised to let the charging action of the running car occur for 10 to 15 minutes before starting the car with the discharged battery.
This is to protect the battery of the car with the good battery