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August 2, 2010
3 27 70 33
Common beans
Fat
40 27
Mostly oligosaccharides
Soynuts (28 g) 15 g
Edamame 80 g, 8.5 g
Tempeh 100 g, 18 g
Soy protein concentrate Kidney beans Rolled oats Lentils Wheat gluten
6% (3-9)
12% (7-22)
50% (39-53)
J Agric Food Chem 57: 11174, 2009
29% (21-36)
*essential
Search 10/08/09
Product Labels
25 grams of soy protein per day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce risk of heart disease
Health Claims
4% in LDLcholesterol
10% in disease risk
Additional reduction (~4%) by substituting soyfoods for higher-saturated-fat, foods
Three-way Protection
1. Direct cholesterol reduction
2. Substition effects
3. Benefits independent
of cholesterol
Circulation 2007;116:2553
Prospective Study
27,435 women Subjects 40-59 years FFQs in 1990 and 1995 12.5 y follow up period 140 strokes 66 heart attacks
Circulation 2007;116:2553
Circulation 2007;116:2553
*HRs adjusted for age; sex; smoking; ROH, BMI; history of hypertension & diabetes; medication for
hypercholesterolemia; education; sports, intake of F & V, fish, salt, & Kcal & menopausal status . Results SS. Mean isoflavone intakes in Q5 and Q1 = 41 and 11 mg/d, respectively
Effects Possibly Contributing to the CHD Risk Reduction Associated with Soyfood Intake
LDL particle size LDL oxidation Blood pressure Arterial compliance Endothelial function
Only soyfoods
contain
nutritionally
significant
amounts
OH
7
O1
A
5
C
4
R1
R2
OH
17-Estradiol
Isoflavones
Estrogen receptor- and estrogen receptor- have different tissue distributions and different functions
Is Soy Protective?
Is Soy Protective?
Evidence that adult intake is protective is very unimpressive
Early Intake
In the WHI cohort, women who had their first child over the age of 30 were 50% > likely to develop breast cancer than women who had their first child before the age of 20
Early Intake
Epidemiologic Research Showing Soy Intake During Childhood and/ or Adolescence Reduces BCa Risk
Author/ Year
Wu, 2008
Location
USA USA
(N) Risk
345 255
Shu, 2001
Korde, 2009 Lee, 2009
Shanghai 3015
Shanghai 305
AJCN 89; 1145 2009; CEBP;10:483, 2001; 18: 1, 2009; AJCN 89:1920, 2009
Epidemiologic Research Showing Soy Intake During Childhood and/ or Adolescence Reduces BCa Risk
Author/ Year
Wu, 2008
Location
USA USA
(N) Risk
345 255 28
Shu, 2001
Korde, 2009 Lee, 2009
Shanghai 3015
Shanghai 305
49
60 43
AJCN 89; 1145 2009; CEBP;10:483, 2001; 18: 1, 2009; AJCN 89:1920, 2009
Prostate Cancer
in PCa patients
Woon-Puay Koh, PhD, National Univ. Singapore; AJE 170: 901, 2009
Epidemiologic studies
Skin lightening Topical Prevent UV damage Application Improve elasticity Prevent hair growth
Athymic OVX Mice Implanted with ER+ Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7)
William G. Helferich, PhD University of Illinois 1997-present
Human
Research
(47)
(8)
Estrogen levels
Tissue density
No effects No effects
JAMA. 2009;302:2437
JAMA. 2009;302:2437
Options
1. Prohibit soy intake
(current default position)
2. Permit soy intake for those who already use it or want to begin doing so 3. Recommend soy foods for the purpose of improving prognosis
No effects on testosterone (N=36) No effects on estrogen in men (N=9) No effects on sperm/semen (N=3) Very minor effects on female
reproductive hormones (N=47)
Subclinical hypothyroidism?
Bitto et al. JCEM,2010
Complex form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness and tenderness in joints
Gout
Urate crystal accumulation due to high levels of uric acid in blood
isoflavones affect health effects? that from non-fermented soyfoods? creation of beneficial compounds?
Based on clinical and epidemiologic studies and principles of sound dietetic practice