01 - Adapting Legacy Phone Systems To Voip

Adapting Legacy Phone Systems to VoIP
Vincente DIngianni Director of Professional Services Binary Systems, Inc. vincente@binary-systems.com
www.convergencetechnologycenter.org
DUE 402356
What Well Cover

Whats inside the PSTN? Whats inside the IP network? VoIP gateways Connecting the IP network to the PSTN Bandwidth Remote PSTN users The Old Way Remote VoIP users The New Way Remote PSTN locations The Old Way Remote VoIP locations The New Way Do I need a Softswitch? Do I need a VoIP carrier?
The Legacy PSTN

Subscribers Enterprise Network
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network

Enterprise Network Subscribers
Whats Inside the PSTN?

Class 5 End Office Switch
Class 4 Tandem Switch

Forgetting the Complexity

All Routing Logic is managed by the Service Providers Network Not yours.
PSTN
Enterprise Network
Subscribers
What Well Cover

Enter the IP Network

PSTN IP Network
Enterprise Network
Subscribers
Public Internet or Private WAN
Focusing on VoIP
Subscribers
VoIP gives you the option to take control of your Communication Network
Enterprise Network
IP Network
Enterprise Network
Subscribers
Whats Inside an IP Network?

Subscribers
In most cases, IP Routing Logic is still managed by a Service Providers Network Not yours
Enterprise Network
Firewall Routers
Routers
Enterprise Network
Firewall
Routers
Subscribers
Forgetting the Complexity

Subscribers
VoIP Communication Protocols, such as SIP & H.323, allow control of your communication routing without interfering with the Service Providers Network
Enterprise Network
IP Network
Enterprise Network
Subscribers
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What Well Cover

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What are VoIP Media Gateways?

VoIP Media Gateways provide the bridge between Legacy Phone Systems and VoIP
Applications/ Management Processing Voice -Compression - Echo Cancellation -Silence Suppression Fax Fax Demodulation Demodulation Handshaking - Handshaking Signaling Signaling Interworking Interworking VoIP <-> PSTN VoIP<-> PSTN
PSTN
IP Voice
IP Network
Ethernet PPP Frame Relay ATM
IP Processing -IP - TCP - UDP - RTP
PSTN Ports -Analog C.O -T1/E1
PBX
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Analog VoIP Gateways

PSTN
Vega 50 Analog VoIP Gateway
IP Voice
IP Network
Analog Ports for FXS or FXO Signaling Supports PSTN/PBX or Telephone Lines Connection to the IP Network Via 100Base-T Ethernet Interface SIP, H.323 Selectable Coders Per Channel: G.711, G.723, G.729 T.38 Fax Relay
PBX
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Digital Trunking VoIP Gateways
PSTN
Vega 400 Trunking VoIP Gateway
IP Voice
IP Network
Supports PSTN/PBX Digital Trunks T1 / E1 ISDN, North American CAS, R2 Connection to the IP Network Via 100Base-T Ethernet Interface SIP, H.323 Selectable Coders Per Channel: G.711, G.723, G.729 T.38 Fax Relay
PBX
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What Well Cover

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Bridging the Networks
VegaStream Trunking VoIP Gateway
Digital Trunks
FXO Lines
PSTN IP Network
VegaStream Analog VoIP Gateway
Ethernet Ethernet
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Bridging the Networks (cont.)
Firewall VegaStream Trunking VoIP Gateway Routers VegaStream Analog VoIP Gateway Routers
Ethernet Ethernet
Firewall
Routers
IP Network
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Bridging the Networks (cont.)

PSTN
Class 5 End Office Switch
FXO Lines
Digital Trunks
VegaStream Analog VoIP Gateway Class 4 Tandem Switch
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Bridging Public and Private Networks
User Side Digital Trunks
FXO Lines
PSTN IP Network
VegaStream Analog VoIP Gateway
Ethernet Ethernet Network Side Digital Trunks FXS Lines
Private Extensions Enterprise Network
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The Leaky PBX

Enterprise Network Enterprise Network
Network Side Digital Trunks
PSTN
IP Network
FXO Lines
Ethernet
Ethernet
Using Legacy PBX Routing functionality, users may dial a prefix to bypass the PSTN

Calls are routed via VoIP to remote locations/countries Standard PSTN Toll charges are bypassed Enterprising Enterprises resell the ability to terminate calls on their local PSTN connection so other VoIP users can benefit (not necessarily legal)
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What Well Cover

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Bandwidth Requirements
Enterprise Network Enterprise Network
PSTN
IP Network
FXO Lines
Ethernet
Ethernet
Calculate the number of calls that you will be making simultaneously over your IP connection

Estimate approximately 80-90 kbps uncompressed per call A T3 (28 T1s) of voice will fill a 100 Mb Ethernet link
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Bandwidth Requirements
Most cable modems provide asymmetrical bandwidth

3 Mb downstream is popular 256K upstream is typical
Dont expect to force an entire trunk worth of voice through a cable modem or DSL Cable
Modem Vega 400 Trunking VoIP Gateway 256K Upstream
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What Well Cover

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POTS Line connected to a PBX/CO

PBX/CO
POTS Line
The Switch provides the Talk Battery to power a phone
The switch provides the dial tone The phone generates the digits
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Foreign Exchange Office (FXO)

PBX/CO
FXO
Private Network

Emulates a telephone set connects to a standard line side interface of the PBX or central office
This is the way that Interexchange carriers were forced to connect with AT&T before equal access

Carriers would purchase simple lines in each city to create a POP These lines were directly connected into their switching networks Subscribers dialed 7-digit access numbers to receive dial tone from the carrier
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Foreign Exchange Station (FXS)

FXS POTS Line
Private Network

Emulates a switch port connects to a standard telephone line Signaling can be loop start or ground start www.convergencetechnologycenter.org
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Extensions use a combination of FXO and FXS

PBX/CO
FXO
FXS
POTS Line
Private Network Combination of FXO/FXS allows a remote station to appear as a standard line:

Emulates a telephone set connects to a standard line side interface of the PBX/CO

Emulates a switch port connects to a standard telephone line Signaling can be loop start or ground start www.convergencetechnologycenter.org
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What Well Cover

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Remote VoIP Users

PSTN

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Remote Lines
PSTN
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Adding a VoIP Network

PSTN IP Network
Public Internet or Private WAN Cable Modems or DSL can be used for low numbers of remote users.
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Adding VoIP Gateways

PSTN IP Network
Vega 50 Analog FXS VoIP Gateway Vega 50 Analog FXO VoIP Gateway
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Bypassing the PSTN

PSTN IP Network
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Remote User Connected via VoIP

Subscribers
Call routing between VoIP Gateways is configured locally.
Enterprise Network
IP Network
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Configuring Local FXO Extensions
Enterprise Network
Analog FXO VoIP Gateway 192.168.1.123
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Configuring Local FXO Routing
Enterprise Network
Analog FXO VoIP Gateway 192.168.1.123
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Configuring Remote FXS Extensions

Subscribers
Analog FXS VoIP Gateway 192.168.1.202
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Configuring Remote FXS Routing

Subscribers
Analog FXS VoIP Gateway 192.168.1.202
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Remote Users connected via VoIP

Subscribers
Subscribers maintain all feature functionality as local users on the PBX.
Enterprise Network
IP Network
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Adding IP-Only Users

Subscribers IP Phones
Enterprise Network
IP Network
Vega 50 Analog FXS VoIP Gateway
Vega 50 Analog FXO VoIP Gateway
An IP phone is simply a single-port VoIP media gateway
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What Well Cover

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Trunk Signaling Methods
In-Band Signaling

CAS Channel Associated Signaling R2 Combined Voice and E&M Wink Start Signaling Channel FGD
Out-of-Band Signaling

D-Channel
ISDN / Q.931 SS7
Bearer Channel
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Network vs. User Side ISDN
Network side ISDN Network side ISDN provides a standard PRI interface to a PBX and mimics the behavior of legacy phone switches User Side ISDN User side ISDN provides a standard ISDN PRI interface to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Network Side User Side D-Channel
PSTN
Bearer Channel
Clock Timing
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What Well Cover

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Remote VoIP Locations PSTN Connectivity

PSTN

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Remote VoIP Locations Connecting Locations via PSTN

Enterprise Network
Network Side ISDN PRI
PSTN
User Side
User Side
ISDN PRI
Enterprise Network
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Remote VoIP Locations - Adding VoIP

Enterprise Network
PSTN IP Network
Enterprise Network
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Remote VoIP Locations Adding VoIP

Enterprise Network
PSTN IP Network
Enterprise Network
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Remote VoIP Locations Adding VoIP Gateways

Enterprise Network
Vega 400 PRI VoIP Gateway
User Side Network Side ISDN PRI User Side
PSTN IP Network
ISDN PRI Network Side
Vega 400 PRI VoIP Gateway Enterprise Network
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Remote VoIP Locations PSTN Bypass

Enterprise Network
User Side Network Side ISDN PRI User Side ISDN PRI Network Side
IP Network
Enterprise Network
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Remote VoIP Locations Adding IPOnly Users

IP Phones Enterprise Network
IP Network
Vega 400 PRI VoIP Gateway Enterprise Network
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What Well Cover

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Do I Need a Softswitch?
Ask these questions:
Does your existing PBX have the features that you need? What VoIP control protocols do your gateways/endpoints support? How many VoIP gateways/endpoints do you need?
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Does Your Existing PBX Have the Features That You Need?
Remote VoIP users can transparently utilize features from the legacy PBX/switch
Virtual Private Networks for Voice can be created via existing PBX Routing Tables Features such as T.38 Fax Relay and RFC 2833 digit transport provide reliable communication over low bandwidth connections
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What VoIP Control Protocols do Gateways Support?
MGCP and MEGACO are Master-Slave protocols
MGCP and MEGACO require a Call Agent/Softswitch to instruct the Endpoint to perform all functionality If communication with the Call Agent is lost, the endpoint cannot function These protocols require a Softswitch SIP and H.323 gateways offer internal routing tables and features that often rival the legacy PBX or Key System itself If communication with the Proxy/Gatekeeper/Softswitch is lost, internal routing tables may be used. For example, 911
SIP and H.323 are peer-to-peer protocols
SIP is continually evolving to support next generation features
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How Many VoIP Endpoints Do You Have?

Softswitches, SIP proxies, and H.323 gatekeepers provide a single point of configuration for advanced network features
Softswitch Feature Server
Enterprise Network
IP Network
Enterprise Network IP Phone IP Phone 57
What Well Cover

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Do I Need a VoIP Carrier?

Enterprise Network
VoIP Carriers Softswitch / Feature Server
Enterprise Network
PSTN
FXO Lines
IP Network
Vega 400 Ethernet Trunking VoIP Gateway
Ethernet
VoIP Carriers provide alternate IP-based call routing to remote endpoints via the public Internet
Calls are routed via VoIP to remote locations/countries and standard PSTN Toll charges are bypassed
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Can I Cut the Cord to the PSTN?

Enterprise Network
VoIP Carriers Softswitch / Feature Server
Enterprise Network
IP Network
Vega 400 Ethernet Trunking VoIP Gateway
Ethernet
If you are satisfied with the reliability of your high-speed internet provider and VoIP carriers feature set and destination choices, you may choose to cut the cord But first, ensure that your gateways, as well as, your VoIP Carriers network support T.38 faxes and a compatible modem passthrough functionality
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Key Points to Remember

Dont underestimate the complexity of the PSTN and IP network Choose the right VoIP Endpoint for your application Follow the industry Use SIP for new installations Analog FXS or FXO Gateways for lines and key systems Digital Trunking Gateways for PBXs IP phones for new user installations Be sure you can support T.38 for faxes and bypass for modems Be sure you have a big enough IP pipe to add voice SIP and H.323 VoIP Gateways can provide stand-alone routing and feature functionality Use a Softswitch to manage numerous gateways and advanced features VoIP carriers can provide connectivity beyond your private network Yes, you can cut the cord to the PSTN!
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01 - Adapting Legacy Phone Systems To Voip

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01 - Adapting Legacy Phone Systems To Voip

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Adapting Legacy Phone Systems to VoIP

Vincente DIngianni Director of Professional Services Binary Systems, Inc. vincente@binary-systems.com

What Well Cover

The Legacy PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network

Whats Inside the PSTN?

Class 5 End Office Switch

Class 4 Tandem Switch

Public Switched Telephone Network

Forgetting the Complexity

Public Switched Telephone Network

What Well Cover

Enter the IP Network

Public Internet or Private WAN

Public Internet or Private WAN

Whats Inside an IP Network?

Public Internet or Private WAN

Forgetting the Complexity

Public Internet or Private WAN

What Well Cover

What are VoIP Media Gateways?

Ethernet PPP Frame Relay ATM

IP Processing -IP - TCP - UDP - RTP

PSTN Ports -Analog C.O -T1/E1

Analog VoIP Gateways

Ethernet PPP Frame Relay ATM

Digital Trunking VoIP Gateways

Ethernet PPP Frame Relay ATM

What Well Cover

Bridging the Networks

VegaStream Trunking VoIP Gateway

VegaStream Analog VoIP Gateway

Bridging the Networks (cont.)

Bridging the Networks (cont.)

VegaStream Trunking VoIP Gateway

VegaStream Analog VoIP Gateway Class 4 Tandem Switch

Bridging Public and Private Networks

VegaStream Trunking VoIP Gateway

User Side Digital Trunks

VegaStream Analog VoIP Gateway

Ethernet Ethernet Network Side Digital Trunks FXS Lines

Private Extensions Enterprise Network

The Leaky PBX

Network Side Digital Trunks

What Well Cover

Network Side Digital Trunks

Most cable modems provide asymmetrical bandwidth

3 Mb downstream is popular 256K upstream is typical

What Well Cover

POTS Line connected to a PBX/CO

The Switch provides the Talk Battery to power a phone

Foreign Exchange Office (FXO)

Foreign Exchange Office (FXO)

Foreign Exchange Station (FXS)

Foreign Exchange Station (FXS)

Extensions use a combination of FXO and FXS

Foreign Exchange Office (FXO)

Foreign Exchange Station (FXS)

What Well Cover

Remote VoIP Users

Public Switched Telephone Network

Adding a VoIP Network