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Littlewood, W. (1996 ). What's communicative ability. En W. Littlewood, Communicative Language Teaching (pgs. 0-0). UK: Cambridge University Press.
Structural
Functional
Meaning The communicative function is variable and depends on specific situational and social factors
A single linguistic form can express a number of functions A single communicative function can be expressed by a number of linguistic forms
The ability to understand linguistic structures and vocabulary
Knowledge of the potential communicative functions of linguistic forms The ability to relate the linguistic forms to appropriate nonlinguistic knowledge, in order to interpret the specific functional meaning intended by the speaker
Social meaning
Interpretation of the social situation The social situation determines the nature of the language The language can help determine the social atmosphere of the situation
Techniques
These techniques are used to
enable students to acquire linguistic forms and relate them to communicative function, nonlinguistic reality and social context.
Structural practice
Focus attention sharply and unambiguously on an important feature of the structural system
Prompt: John has written the letter Response: He wrote it yesterday. P: John has seen the film.
R: He saw it yesterday.
Learners must make linguistic choices that are not mechanical but correspond do specific meanings to be conveyed
P: By the way, has john written the letter yet? R: Yes, he wrote it yesterday. P: Ha he seen the film yet? R: Yes he saw it yesterday.
The learner adapts his language so that it reflects some aspect of non linguistic reality, such as the concrete situation, a picture or personal knowledge P: Shall we go to the cinema? R: Oh no, I dont feel like going to the cinema. Or The cinema? Yes, thats a good idea.
Students must learn to relate language to the social meanings that it carries and to use it as a vehicle for social interaction. Learners begin to interact as equal partners in a exchange.
Control
Creativity
Improvisation