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CONTENTS
About truss and truss bridges Truss configurations Types of truss bridges Choice of truss type and configuration Design algorithm Related advantages and disadvantages
TRUSS
Structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the member which are either tensile or compressive forces.
Fig. Tetrahedron
The simple tetrahedron can be considered as an example of truss in 3-D space. (Image source- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tetrahedron.png )
TRUSS BRIDGE
A truss bridge is a bridge whose loadbearing superstructure is composed of a truss.
TRUSS CONFIGURATIONS
Includes vertical members and diagonals that slope down towards the center
The diagonal members are angled upwards towards the central vertical member
Longitudinal members joined only by angled crossmembers along the length, ensuring that no individual strut, beam, or tie is subject to bending or torsional straining forces, but only to tension or compression.
Compression and tension forces- spread between the diagonal and vertical members alternatively.
BAILEY BRIDGE
Designed mostly for military use The prefabricated and standardized truss elements easily combined in various configurations to adapt to the needs at the site
Uses a substantial number of lightweight elements, easing the task of construction Truss elements are usually of wood, iron, or steel
Brown truss:
Lenticular Truss:
For railway bridges, the underslung truss is preferred For shorter spans and where underslung truss is not possible, semi-through trusses are used For long spans and sufficient economic depth, through trusses are used
DESIGN ALGORITHM
The design process
Optimum depth of Truss girder Design of Compression chord members Design of tension chord members
For long bridges continuous trusses may be the economic solution, particularly in the span range of 30m to 200m
Configuration of members and careful arrangement of bolts at splices are particularly important and requires high maintenance
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