Circulatory System

Chapter 19
 Circulatory System
• Purpose –
–Carries needed substances to
cells and carries wastes away

• Cardiovascular system –
heart, vessels & blood
 Materials Transported by Blood
• Needed Materials:
– Oxygen and Sugar

• Wastes:
– Carbon Dioxide

• Disease fighers:
– White blood cells.
 Heart
• Hollow muscle that
pumps blood.
• Located in center of
chest
• Each beat pushes blood
through the Circ. System.
 Heart Structure
• Two Chambers – Atrium &
Ventricle
• Atria – Upper chamber – receives
blood
• Ventricle – Lower chamber –
pumps blood out
• Valve – prevents backward blood
flow.
Human

Heart
 Blood Vessels
• Arteries – main vessels
carry blood from heart
• Capillaries – carry blood
from arteries to body parts
• Veins – carry blood back to
heart
 Heartbeat Regulation
• A pacemaker regulates
the heartbeat.
–Located in Right Atrium.
–Sends signals for
contraction to adjust to
body activity.
 Blood Loops -- Loop 1
• To the Lungs and Back
–Oxygen poor blood comes into the
right atrium from body (dark red)
–Pumped into right ventricle
–Pumped to lungs
–Lungs pump in Oxygen and remove
CO2 blood is now bright red.
 Blood Loops – Loop 2
• Heart to Body
–Left Atrium fills with blood from
lungs
–Pumped into Left Ventricle
–Pumped into Aorta – largest artery
in body
–Blood pumped to rest of body
–Cycle continues
Loop 1

Loop 2
 Blood Loops
• Loop 1 – • Loop 2
–Blood comes –Blood comes
from body to from lungs
heart.
–Pumped to
–Passed to
Body
lungs
–Gets rid of CO2 –Loses O2
gains O2 gains CO2
End of Lesson 1
Lesson Two
Blood Vessels
&
Blood
 Blood Vessels -- Arteries
• Flow from heart to body.
• Have thick 3 wall
structure.
–Allows arteries to be
flexible and strong
–Rope example.
 Capillaries
• Capillaries have a single wall
–In capillaries materials are
exchanged between blood and
body cells.
–Moves by a process of diffusion
(remember the egg??)
 Veins
• Carry blood back to heart
• Have 3 wall structure like
artery.
• Rely on skeletal muscles,
breathing and valves for
blood flow.
Blood
 Blood Components
• Blood has four components
2.Plasma
3.Red Blood Cells
4.White Blood Cells
5.Platelets.
 Plasma
• Carries most of the nutrients
• 90% water + 10% nutrients
• Protein is a vital nutrient in
plasma.
–Regulates water in blood, fights
disease and helps to clot.
 Protein
gives
plasma a
yellow
color.
 Red Blood Cells

• Transport Oxygen in
blood
• Made of Hemoglobin
which attach to
Oxygen.
 White Blood Cells
• Originate in bone marrow
• Are Disease Fighters
–Can be a Paul Revere
–Can be a rogue fighter
–Can be a gang fighter.
Red Blood Cell

White
Blood Cell
 Platelets
• Form blood clots so you
don’t bleed to death.
• Releases Fibrin which forms
a net across a cut blood
vessel.
• A scab is a dried clot.
 Human Red Blood Cells, Platelets and T-
lymphocyte (erythocytes = red; platelets = yellow;
End of Lesson Two
Respiratory System
 Respiratory System

•Function:
–Move O2 into the
body. Move CO2 and
H20 out of the body.
 Respiration
• Process by which the body
takes in Oxygen and sugar
to release energy

• Oxygen + Sugar = Carbon

Dioxide and Water
 Breathing vs. Respiration
• Breathing = intake and
release of gasses

• Respiration = previous
slide
 Path of Air
• Nose > Pharynx > Trachea >
Bronchi

• Nose – warms air, filters stuff

through mucus, mucus gets
swallowed and destroyed.
 Path of Air
• Pharynx or Throat is
simply a tube for air and
food.

• Trachea – Windpipe
– Functions like the nose
– Responsible for coughs
– Blockage causes
choking.
 Path of Air
• Bronchi
–Direct air into
lungs
–Branch into lungs
like tree limbs.
–Alveoli are found
at the end of the
Bronchi
 Gas Exchange
• Air enters lung, Oxygen
passes through Alveoli into
capillaries.

• Carbon Dioxide and Water

pass through capillaries into
lungs.
End of Lesson
Breathing
 How do you breathe?
Inhale
• Rib muscles contract – lift chest wall
• Diaphragm moves downward.

Exhale
• Rib muscles and Diaphragm relax.
• Chest cavity becomes smaller
 How do you speak?
• Vocal chords contract as air
pushed through them.
• Vocal chords shorten and
lengthen to produce
different pitches.
• Think of a balloon.
End of Lesson
Smoking and its effects
 What’s in a smoke?

• Along with Tobacco,

Tar, Nicotine and
Carbon Monoxide are
found in most
cigarettes.
 Tar
• What is it?
– Dark sticky gunk that forms from burning
tobacco.

• Why is it bad?
– Clogs cilia – which filter air for your lungs.
– No filter = more gunk in your lungs.
– Tar also contains chemicals which may
cause cancer. (think chimney)
 Carbon Monoxide
• Gas produced by burning - car
exhaust.
• Binds to hemoglobin which prevents
blood from getting Oxygen.
• Causes heart to beat faster.
• Less Oxygen and higher heartbeat =
can lead to heart trouble, maybe
death.
 Nicotine
• Nicotine is a chemical
• It speeds up the nervous
system
–Like heartbeat
• It is addictive
 Respiratory Problems
• Chronic Bronchitis – Irritation of breathing
passages – think constant wheezing

• Emphysema – destroys lung tissue – can’t get

enough Oxygen and can’t get rid of CO2

• Lung Cancer – Cancerous growth takes place

of good lung tissue. Tough to detect early.
Circulatory Problems