Constitution Provision

for Education

Presented by:
Abdul Ghaffar Tahir
Ag_tahir71@yahoo.com
Constitution
 The fundamental law of a country and it is
from this source that all other laws spring
 Provide framework
Government of India Act 1935
 Federal Legislative List
 libraries, museum and similar institution
controlled or financed by the Federation
 Federal agencies and institutes for the following
purposes, that is to say, for research professional
or technical training, or for the promotion of
special studies
 The Benaras Hindu University
 the Aligarh Muslim University
Provincial Legislative List

 Education, including universities (other than

BHU,AMU)
 Agricultural education and research

 protection against pests and prevention of

plant diseases
 Veterinary training and practices
The Objectives Resolution of 1949
 Equalityof status, of opportunity and before
law, Social, economic and political justice and
freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith,
worship and association, subject to law and
public morality
 There was no concern about Education
The Constitution of 1956
 Freedom of religious institutions
 But only with community choice to establish
educational institutions
 No separate weightage to education

 Specific provision were provided under article

13, 29, and 106.
The Constitution of 1962
 Illiteracy
should be eliminated
 Free and compulsory primary education

 Education was not at priority bases

 Constitution is failed to mention the role and

responsibility of state with respect to
education
The Constitution of 1973
 In this constitution first time considered the role of
education
 More clear and refined educational provision
 Promote with special care the education in
backward areas (article, 37A)
 Remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory
secondary education (article, 37B)
 Availability of technical and professional and higher
education equally accessible to all on the basis of
merit (article, 37C)
 Development of people through education
 Provide basic necessities of life, such as;
food, clothing, housing, education and
medical relief
 Provide education at equity basis

 Allow the people to manage its religious

institution
 Education as respect of Pakistani students in
foreign countries and foreign students in
pakistan
Concurrent legislative list

 Curriculum syllabus, planning, centre of

excellence and standards of education
 textbooks

 Islamic education

 Legal, medical and other profession

 Education include for social cohesion and

national integration
Acts & ordinance of education
 UniversityGrants Commission Act of1974
 Centre of Excellence Act of 1974
 Federal supervision of curricula, textbooks,
maintenance of standards of education act of
1976
 National bureau of curriculum and textbook,
(class I-XII)
 UGC (XII-above)

Higher Education Commission 2002

The role of international bodies in
education
 The united nation issued the universal declaration of
human rights in 1948
 The declaration of rights of child 1959
 The UNESCO convention against discrimination in
education 1960
 The international covenant on economic and social
and cultural rights (CESCR) 1966
 The convention on the rights of child 1989

Examples from the constitution of
some other countries
 Constitution of India
 Ten year free and compulsory education
 No religious instructions shall be provided out of state
funds
 Determine the standards of higher education in institutions
 Constitution of Malaysia
 Free and compulsory primary education
 State maintain financially assist the higher education
A review and analysis of educational
policies and commission

Since independence almost a dozen

educational reports and six major education
policies were produced
Pakistan educational conference 1947

 Setting up an advisory board of education

 Establishment of an inter university board

 Develop a mean to promote scientific

research
 Establishment of a council of technical edu

 Overseas scholarship scheme

 Develop the cultural contacts with foreign

universities
National education conference 1951
 Prepared six year plan for educational
development
 Age of admission to university 18 year +
 Intermediate should be part of sec. edu.
 Duration of undergraduate (Hons) 3 year
 Deliberate the structure of system of
education from primary to university level
 The private sector must take active part in
educational development
Six year plan of educational
development in Pakistan 1951-57
Event name 1947-48 increase %age

Non-professional college 42 80 95%

Enrollment in non-professional 13500 43300 221%
college

professional college 17 21 23%

Enrollment in professional 4368 8082 85%

college

Universities 2 4 100%
Enrollment in universities 644 1998 210%
Sharif commission 1959
 Discuses every aspect of education
 Intermediate classes transferred from universities
to BISE
 Course of bachelor degree extended
 Courses & curriculum revised and improved
 Examination should be assessment of student’s
abilities and achievement
 UGC
 counselling and guiding should be develop
 Universities should lay down definite rule for
affiliation of college
Professional education
 Engineering education
 Agricultural education
 Legal education
 Commerce education
 Medical education
 Major achievement in higher education
 Engineering college Lahore , Agricultural college
Faisalabad were upgraded
 No. of professional college increased 36 to40
 No. of non-professional college increased130to230
The new education policy 1970
 The main themes were to develop ;
 Center of excellence
 National research fellowship
 Revision of curricula
 Modern language institute
 Establishing the new universities
 New colleges
 Improvement of faculties
 UGC
 Center of advance study and research
 Libraries
 Autonomous colleges
 Estimated cost Rs. 8920 million
The educational policy 1972-80
 Increase in enrollment in art, arts 5% science 10% per annum
 New universities, Multan ,Saidu shrif and sakkhar
 Convert jamia islamia to full fledge university
 Raise agriculture colleges
 Add new faculty in agriculture university Fasil abad
 add medical college to Balochistan university
 Establishment of UGC
 Replace inframe university ordinance by progressive legislation
 Establish center of excellence
 Increase 70% in total budget of 1970
National educational policy 1979
 Minimum strength of degree colleges would be fixed
 More then one degree college in same town
 Co-curricular would be encourage
 Guidance and counseling services would be organized in
colleges
 Scientific equipment and lab. Facilities would be provided
 No new university would be established
 Pre-service and in-service training by national academy of higher
education
 Total financial allocation was Rs. 28898.3 million
national educational policy 1992
 Linkage of good university department with international
institutions
 Review the area study center and center of excellence
 Provide new input, M.Phil and PhD program
 Participation of teachers in international conferences with out
NOC
 More funds should be allocated for university researcher in
international conferences
 Encourage the publication of research journals
 Quaid e Azam university library will be raised as national library
of science and technology
 University act shall be revised
 All curricula will be modernized

 University teacher doing research and

producing M.Phil and Ph.D students will be
granted research allowance
 Community development center will be
established in each university
 20 new universities, 4 in public and 16 in
private sector will be opened
 National award will be instituted for creative
research in social sciences
National educational policy 1998
 Prepare the students for professional and
specialized education
 Upgrade the quality of higher education by bringing
teaching, learning and research process in link with
international standards
 B.A/B.Sc shall continue as at present
 One year B.A/B.Sc (hons) course after B.A/B.Sc will
be launched in all colleges
 Students with hons. Degrees shall be given
preference for entrance to university