Performance Comparison of FFT,WPM and DWT based OFDM systems for different fading environments

SUPERVISOR : DR. NEETU SOOD ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF ECE

PRESENTED BY: PRASHANT SHARMA M.TECH(ECE) 11204010

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OUTLINE

Introduction

What is Wavelet Analysis?

Literature Review Observations and Problem Formulation Methodology Results References

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INTRODUCTION

OFDM-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier transmission technique, which divides the available spectrum into many carriers, each one being modulated by a low rate data stream. OFDM uses the spectrum much more efficiently by spacing the channels much closer together. This is achieved by making all the carriers orthogonal to one another, preventing interference between the closely spaced carriers. NEED OF OFDMHigh bit rate needs are clumped by the nature of communication channels. Multi-path Propagation effects forbid increase of transmission rates.

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WHAT IS wavelet analysis?

In wavelet analysis, we often speak of approximations and details. The approximations are the high-scale, low-frequency components of the signal. details are the low-scale, high-frequency components. A wavelet is a waveform of effectively limited duration that has an average value of zero.

Orthogonal -Its bases are LPF and HPF associated with the scaling and wavelet functions eg. Daube-chies, Coiflets, Morlet and Meyer Wavelets Biorthogonal- They also have two duality functions for each scaling and wavelet function bior1.1, bior2.2, bior5.5, rbio1.1, rbio2.2 and rbio5.5

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TYPES OF WAVELET TRANSFORM

Continuous Wavelet Transform Discrete Wavelet Transform Wavelet Packet Transform Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Wavelets are obtained from a single prototype wavelet called mother wavelet by dilations and shifting:

Scaling and Shifting operations on a wavelet function and scaling function

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DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM

Forward Discrete Wavelet Transform

Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform

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MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSIS

Frame work for constructing orthonormal wavelet bases. Its results are

Orthogonally multiplexed communication using orthonormal dyadic wavelet basis functions as the orthogonal signals on which QPSK sequences are placed.

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TRAINING SYMBOLS BASED CHANNEL ESTIMATION

Least Square(LS) Channel Estimation finds the channel estimate ^H in such a way that the following cost function is minimized:

Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE) Channel Estimation

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Year Title Author Description

1995 (IEE E)

Wavelet Packet Modulation: A Generalized Method for Orthogonally Multiplexed Communications

Alan R. Lindsey, Jeffrey C. Dill

Building on multi dimensional signaling techniques, a multirate wavelet based modulation format is presented which can utilize existing channels designed for conventionai QAM.
A reconfigurable wavelet packet transceiver for spectral analysis and dynamic spectrum access is proposed.
9

2011 (IEE E)

A Reconfigurable Wavelet Packet Filter Bank Transceiver for Spectral Analysis and Dynamic Spectrum Access

M.K.Lakshma nan, D.D. Ariananda and H. Nikookar

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Year

Title

Author

Description

2012 (SPIJ)

An OFDM System Based on Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform.

M.H. M. Nerma, Nidal S. Kamel, Varun Jeoti

Proposed a novel OFDM system base on DT-CWT. In the proposed scheme, DT-CWT is used in the place of FFT. Compared performance LS and MMSE channel estimation for wavelet based ofdm system over AWGN channel.

2009 (IEEE)

Errors per Scale Statistics for a Wavelet OFDM Transmission in Flat Fading Channels

Marius Oltean, Miranda Nafornita

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OBSERVATIONS AND PROBLEM FORMULATION

Parameters
Number of Subcarriers

Conventional OFDM
128

DWT OFDM
128(7-level non-uniform WP decomposition)

WPM OFDM
64(6-level non-uniform WP decomposition)

Modulation Channel Oversampling Factor Channel/source coding Filter Characteristics

QPSK RAYLEIGH/NAKAGAMI-M 1 None Not Applicable

QPSK RAYLEIGH/NAKAGAMI-M 1 None Maximally Frequency Selective. Symlet,Haar 0

QPSK RAYLEIGH/NAKAGAMI-M 1 None Maximally Frequency Selective. db10 0

Wavelet used Time/Phase/Frequency Offset

Not Applicable 0

Threshold to determine presence/absence of

-7 db

-7 db

-7 db

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PROBLEM FORMULATION

High peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR), requiring linear transmitter circuitry, which suffers from poor power efficiency. Loss of efficiency caused by Cyclic prefix/Guard interval Use of a rectangular window in FFT causes creation of sidelobes which leads to higher interference and lower performance levels.

With operations referred to as IDWPT/IDWT and DWPT/DWT analogous to IFFT and FFT we can get following improvementsHigh Spectral efficiency

Better Robustness towards inter-channel interference.

Flexible Filter Bank Constructions

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METHODOLOGY
Initialize OFDM Parameters

Generate Random Data.

Baseband Modulation

Frame Formation.

Serial to parallel conversion

Apply modulation ,QPSK(Constellation Mapping)

IDWPT /IDWT Filter Bank Realisation(H,G).

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Serialize the modulated waveform.

Communication channel

Receiver System

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MATLAB IMPLEMENTATION OF DWT AND IDWT FOR OFDM

Xm(0) u PARALLE Xm(1) u L TO Xm(N-1) 0(0) 0(1) 0(N-1) Um(0) Um(1)
PARALLEL TO SERIAL SERIAL VVECTOR CA APPROXIMAT ED TRANSPOS COEFFICIEN E TS

Xk

VVECTOR TRANSPO SE

CD

DETAIL COEFFICIEN TS

PARALLE L TO Um(N-1) SERIAL

xx

VVECTOR TRANSPOS E

ca

APPROXIMAT ED COEFFICIEN TS

Uk

0(0) 0(1)
0(N-1)

The model of DWTOFDM for substituting into the Inverse and Forward Transforms . Top: The synthesis filters(transmitter part). Bottom: The analysis filters (receiver part)

PARALLE L TO SERIAL

VVECTOR TRANSPOS E

cd

DETAIL COEFFICIEN TS

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MATLAB IMPLEMENTATION OF DFT BASED CHANNEL ESTIMATION

Hest(0) Hest(1) Hest(2) LS/MMSE CHANNEL ESTIMATIO N N POINT IDFT

hest(0) hest(1) hest(L-1) N POINT DFT

Hdft(0) Hdft(1) Hdft(2)

0
Hest(N-1)

Hdft(N-1)

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IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS
FOR WPM BASED OFDM IN RAYLEIGH CHANNEL BER Curve for 64 Channel WPM
10
0

WPM FFT

BER

10

-1

10

-2

10 12 SNR (dB)

14

16

18

20

17

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FOR RAYLEIGH CHANNEL

10
0

plot showing that bit error decreases with increasing Signal to noise ratio Sym IFFT Haar

10

-1

bit error rate

10

-2

10

-3

10

-4

10

-5

-5

10 15 signal to noise ratio

20

25
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FOR NAKAGAMI-M CHANNEL

10
0

plot showing that bit error decreases with increasing Signal to noise ratio SYM FFT HAAR

10

-1

bit error rate

10

-2

10

-3

10

-4

10

-5

-5

10 signal to noise ratio

15

20

25

19

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FOR MMSE ESTIMATION

10
0

BER Curve for DWT OFDM MMSE sym2

10

-1

BER

10

-2

10

-3

-5

10 SNR (dB)

15

20

25

20

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REFERENCES
Simon Plass ,Armin Dammann,Stefan Kaiser,Khaled Fazel Editors Proceedings from the 7th International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Systems & Solutions, May 2009, Herrsching, Germany, Springer Publications. Raghuveer M Rao and Ajit S Bopardikar, Wavelet Transforms-Introduction to Theory and Applications Addison Wesley Publications . Video Lectures on Wavelet Theory in course Titled Digital Voice and Picture communication by Prof. Somnath Sengupta IIT Kharagpur

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WEB REFERENCES

www.mathworks.com
Wavelet Processing Toolbox Dual Tree Complex Wavelets Nick Kingsbury Signal Processing Group, Dept. of Engineering,University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK. Email: ngk@eng.cam.ac.uk Web: www.eng.cam.ac.uk/ngk

www.wikipedia.com.

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THANKS
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