Lte Primary: For Internal Use Only

LTE PRIMARY
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Course Overview
System Architecture Physical Layer Structure & Coding Physical Channel functionality Control of channel data rates MAC Radio link reliability RLC Radio resource connection RRC Mobility management Security Service and session establishment
Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved
www.anite.com
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Requirements for LTE High data rates at flexible bandwidth deployment

Matching WiMax evolution 10 times the data rate of HSPA 2~6 times the spectrum efficiency of R6 VoLTE/PTT Enhanced MBMS UE mobility speed up to 250 km/h PS Service only Low latency from the flat network hierarchy
Support of enhanced services

Support of IMS

www.anite.com
Data Rate Comparison

Peak Data Rate (Mbps)
350 300
250
200
150
100
50
0 EDGE WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE
www.anite.com
Mobile Categories
www.anite.com
EPS Network Elements
www.anite.com
EUTRAN The Access Network (Access Stratum) Optimized for packet switched services Support for both non-real-time data services and real-time services (constant data-rate and delay) eNodeBs are linked by X2 interface for user data packets transfer during H.O. No RNC.
www.anite.com
ENodeB Architecture
www.anite.com
MME Architecture
www.anite.com
S-GW Architecture
www.anite.com
Control Plane Protocol Stack
Uu
Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved www.anite.com
S1-MME
User Plane Protocol Stack
Uu
S1-U
www.anite.com
Identities of UE and NW elements

NW

PLMN ID (MCC+MNC) EPS Bearer ID Physical Cell ID eNB/Cell ID TAI (MCC+MNC+TAC) C-RNTI RA-RNTI SI-RNTI (FFFF) P-RNTI (FFFE) IMSI S-TMSI IMEI GUTI
EUTRAN

UE

www.anite.com
Want to explore more? 3GPP TS 36.300
An overall description on EUTRA and EUTRAN EPS NAS
3GPP TS 24.301 (R8 or later)
Always Google
www.anite.com
PHYSICAL LAYER
Qucik Review What are the channel types in EUTRAN?
Hint: same as UTRAN
Which protocol layer provides the individual channel?
What are the functionalities of the Physical Layer?
www.anite.com
Spectrum Usage
A reason why there is higher spectrum efficiency in 4G
Hint: symbol rate

www.anite.com
OFDM system model
Frequency Translation
Input to channel
P/S
Time domain samples
www.anite.com
OFDM subcarriers - Orthogonality
Where a selected sub-carrier (modulated) is at its max (center frequency), the side bands of others are at zero
OFMDA & SC-FDMA
In downlink, subcarriers are distributed to different users to enable Multiple Access
In uplink, adjacent subcarriers are allocated to one user, so called Single Carrier
A little practice
To be familiar with the principle how a OFDM transmitter sends a data sequence
Practice - OFDM.docx
www.anite.com
Time-Frequency Resource Structure
www.anite.com
Virtual Resource Block
With OFDMA, the resource elements for a user are dynamically distributed
FDD & TDD FDD - frequency division duplex
Uses paired spectrum, UL and DL signals use different frequencies with a fixed distance apart; Suitable for sustained transmission of data in both directions at high speeds.
TDD time division duplex

Uses unpaired spectrum, UL and DL signals use the same frequency Suitable for asymmetric applications; eNB requires time synchronisation to ensure that signals from different UEs do not overlap in time and hence interfere.
www.anite.com
TDD-LTE Frame Structure
For TDD, there are various formats for downlink, uplink and the special subframe (SSP) allocations; Sub-frame 0 is always allocated for the downlink; Subframe 1 is always a SSP; Subframe 6 may be a SSP if there is a change from DL to UL between subframes 5 and 7.
Physical Layer Processing
www.anite.com
Hybrid-ARQ
Multiple stop and wait processes (3 in this case) avoids stalling; Chase Combine/Incremented Redundancy is used to combine the repeated information; Fast (RTT = 5ms)and frequent ACK/NACK to give low delay and BER (exp(-6));
HARQ Downlink and Uplink Variants Downlink Scheme

Asynchronous: the timing of the repetition is not scheduled; Adaptive: Modulation, RB allocation and duration of transmission may be varied; Incremental Redundancy
Uplink Scheme
Synchronous: a scheduled timer for repetition of data; Non-adaptive: no change in the format of the repeated data packets; Chase Combine
www.anite.com
Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Modulation
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Coding

Broadcast channel 1/3 rate convolutional Traffic and paging channel 1/3 rate Turbo coding
CQI
www.anite.com
MIMO
www.anite.com
Power Control - Requirements PC is important to minimise the interference from other mobiles or cells;
To ensure that the signals from all mobiles are received roughly at similar level by the eNodeB To reduce the interference received by the mobile from neighbour cells
www.anite.com
Power Control Open Loop Open Loop PC is applied on PRACH; Transmit power level is derived from received power level and a base level in downlink signaling:
Tx Power Level = System constant Rx Power Level
www.anite.com
Power Control Closed Loop Dynamically controlled by TPC (Transmitter Power Control) commands on PDCCH

Accumulative (relative power offsets: -1,0,1,3 dB) Absolute power level
Adjustment from the MCS Optimized per RB
www.anite.com
PHYSICAL CHANNELS
Downlink Physical Channels PBCH PDCCH PDSCH

PCFICH
Physical Broadcast Channel Physical Downlink Control Channel Physical Downlink Shared Channel
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
PHICH Physical HARQ Indicator Channel PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Synchronization Signal Primary SS & Secondary SS Reference Signals
www.anite.com
Synchronization Signals (SS) Synchronization Signals locate in the centre of the band to allow for variable channel bandwidths;
Sent on central 62 subcarriers twice every frame; Signal correlates to 1 of 3 cell ID sequences; Provides slot timing detection; Provides radio frame timing detection; Identifies 1 of 168 cell ID groups; Provides TDD/FDD detection as well as CP length;
PSS

SSS

www.anite.com
Reference Signals (RS) Given the timing and frequency info of the cell, then the mobile can calculate the unique RS used in it;
RS provides a reference for amplitude, phase and timing; They are distributed over frequency and time in the RB;
Hence the mobile can compensate for variation in amplitude and phase over time and frequency.
www.anite.com
Allocation for the physical layer signals
www.anite.com
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries the BCH System Information

Only the Master Information Block is carried on PBCH; (The System Information Blocks are sent on PDSCH;)
Sent on the central 72 subcarriers (i.e. 6 RBs, regardless of the actual system bandwidth); The 14-bit-length information is repeated every 40 ms;
QPSK modulation
www.anite.com
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
Carries the Downlink Control Information (DCI), to assign RBs for transmissions;
PDCCH is sent every subframe;
Sent in a limited set of Control Channel Elements (CCE);

UE does not have to decode all the PDCCHs; Search Space for common channel assignment is known to all; Search Space for dedicated assignment is per individual UE;
Implicit addressing CRC based on mobiles identity; QPSK modulation

Resource Allocation
www.anite.com
Resource Allocation for Downlink

Dynamic (single TTI) or Semi-persistent( periodically repeating);
UE is sent a bitmap to assign the downlink Resource Blocks in the same TTI;

Direct bitmap each bit assigns 1 RB; Bitmap type 0 assigns Resource Block Groups (consecutive Resource Blocks) ; Bitmap type 1 assigns individual resource blocks from the RBGs, for frequency diversity; Bitmap type 2 assigns several sets of contiguous blocks (no segmentation)
www.anite.com
Resource Allocation for Uplink Dynamic (single TTI) or Semi-persistent (periodically repeating);
UE is sent a bitmap to assign the uplink Resource Blocks in the same TTI;
Bitmap type 2 assigns several sets of contiguous blocks (no segmentation)
www.anite.com
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Provides the details of the number of OFDM symbols used on the PDCCH;
Expressed in the Control Format Indicator (CFI) ranging 1 to 3 symbols within a subframe;
QPSK modulation
www.anite.com
PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Carries ACK/NACK response to the uplink transmissions;
1/3 Repetition coding, e.g. ACK = 1,1,1 & NACK = 0,0,0;
QPSK modulation
www.anite.com
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Time sharing of data transmission to multiple mobiles;
Carries DL-SCH for user data and higher layer signalling; Also carries PCH; Also carries the System Information Blocks;
So that the transmission bandwidth used and repetition schedule can be varied;
Up to 64QAM modulation
www.anite.com
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel For transmission of multicast information;

Format similar to the PDSCH but for reception by a group of mobiles; Sub-channel spacing is 7.5 kHz and the symbol length is doubled; Up to 64QAM modulation
www.anite.com
Example of Channel Mapping
www.anite.com
Uplink Physical Channels PUCCH PUSCH PRACH

DMRS SRS
Physical Uplink Control Channel Physical Uplink Shared Channel Physical Random Access Channel
Demodulation Reference Signal Sounding Reference Signal
www.anite.com
DMRS Provides synchronization and uplink channel estimation;
Separate DMRS for PUCCH and PUSCH;

Sent once every timeslot for PUSCH; Repeated 3 times every timeslot for PUCCH;
www.anite.com
SRS
Sent by mobile upon the request from eNB to allow uplink channel estimation when no other transmissions are scheduled, on PUSCH or PUCCH;

Configurable period and subframe offset; Sent in the last symbol of a subframe;
www.anite.com
PUCCH
Carries uplink control information;

Scheduling Request (SR); ACK/NACK response to downlink transmissions; Channel Quality Indicators (CQI) for feedback to the downlink channel;
BPSK or QPSK modulation;
www.anite.com
PUSCH
Carries UL-SCH for user data Uplink Control Information (UCI) related to the user data; Also carries higher layer signalling; Up to 64QAM modulation
www.anite.com
Example of Channel Mapping
www.anite.com
PRACH
The access burst consists of a preamble and a few bits of payload data;
Different preamble formats are specified;
Initial message from the mobile use non-synchronized timing;
The eNB supplies the required Timing Advance;

Any subsequent transmissions can use synchronized PRACH;
www.anite.com
Random Access Procedure
www.anite.com
Power Ramping for Random Access
www.anite.com
Resource Allocation after Random Access
www.anite.com
www.anite.com
Physical Channels and Modulation Multiplex and Channel Coding Physical Layer Procedures
3GPP TS 36.212
3GPP TS 36.213
Stefania S ,LTE: From Theory To Practice
www.anite.com
MAC & RLC LAYER
www.anite.com
MAC = Medium Access Control

Mapping logical channels onto transport channels;
Managing the priority of data flows;
Prioritizing between different mobiles for UL transmission;

Selection of transport formats (instantaneous data rate);
Selection of modulation scheme

HARQ
www.anite.com
Transport Block Each Transport Channel (TrCH) transfers a Transport Block set (TBS) consisting of 1 (or 2) Transport Blocks (TB) to PHY layer at each Transmission Time Interval (TTI);
TTI is 1 ms (traffic or paging) or 40 ms (broadcast);
www.anite.com
MAC PDU Format
www.anite.com
RLC = Radio Link Control

Reliable transfer of higher layer messages;
AM, UM, TM;
TM is used for Broadcast and Paging channels, NOT used for User Plane data; UM is used for Dedicated channel data which is delay sensitive; AM is used for Dedicated or Common channel data (RRC message/delay tolerant);
ARQ; Segmentation and Concatenation;
www.anite.com
MAC PDU Format
www.anite.com
MAC RLC PDCP
3GPP TS 36.322
3GPP TS 36.323
www.anite.com
RRC LAYER
RRC = Radio Resource Control System Information broadcasting; Paging; Cell (Re)Selection; RRC Connection management; Radio Resource management; NAS message transfer; Handover; Measurement; Power Control;
www.anite.com
RRC State Machine
www.anite.com
RRC Connection Establishment
www.anite.com
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Modification to RRC Connection is made by Reconfiguration;

Establishment of SRB 2; Establishment & modification of Data Radio Bearers; Intra-RAT Handover;
The Reconfiguration message includes EPS Session Management message to define the EPS bearer;
The Data Radio Bearer is a part of the EPS bearer;
www.anite.com
RRC Information Transfer Message RRC encapsulates NAS messages;
Piggyback
UL/DL Information Transfer
www.anite.com
www.anite.com
To Be Continued

Lte Primary: For Internal Use Only

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Lte Primary: For Internal Use Only

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

LTE PRIMARY

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Requirements for LTE High data rates at flexible bandwidth deployment

Support of enhanced services

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Data Rate Comparison

0 EDGE WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

EPS Network Elements

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Control Plane Protocol Stack

User Plane Protocol Stack

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Identities of UE and NW elements

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Want to explore more? 3GPP TS 36.300

An overall description on EUTRA and EUTRAN EPS NAS

3GPP TS 24.301 (R8 or later)

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Qucik Review What are the channel types in EUTRAN?

Hint: same as UTRAN

Which protocol layer provides the individual channel?

What are the functionalities of the Physical Layer?

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

A reason why there is higher spectrum efficiency in 4G

Hint: symbol rate

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

OFDM system model

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

OFDM subcarriers - Orthogonality

OFMDA & SC-FDMA

In downlink, subcarriers are distributed to different users to enable Multiple Access

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Time-Frequency Resource Structure

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Virtual Resource Block

FDD & TDD FDD - frequency division duplex

TDD time division duplex

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

TDD-LTE Frame Structure

Physical Layer Processing

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

HARQ Downlink and Uplink Variants Downlink Scheme

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Tx Power Level = System constant Rx Power Level

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Accumulative (relative power offsets: -1,0,1,3 dB) Absolute power level

Adjustment from the MCS Optimized per RB

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved

Downlink Physical Channels PBCH PDCCH PDSCH

Copyright 2011 Anite Telecoms Ltd, all rights reserved