hcp & fcc

Packing volume = 0.74 Nearest neighbors atoms = 12 Binding energy (or free energy) depended only on the number of nearest-neighbors bonds per atom, there would be no difference in energy between fcc and hcp structures.

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL SEM 1 2009/10

Hexagonal closedpacked structure

Fig. 20 The hexagonal closepacked structure. The atom positions in this structure do not constitute a space lattice. The space lattice is simple hexagonal with a basis of two identical atoms associated with each lattice point.

He, Be, Mg, Hf, Re (Group II elements)

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL SEM 1 2009/10

Hexagonal closedpacked structure

Fig. 21 The primitive cell has a = b, with an included angle of 120. The c axis is normal to the plane of a and b. In ideal hcp we have c = 1.633 a. The two atoms of one basis are shown as solid in the figure. One atom of the basis is at the origin 000; the other 1 1 atom is at 2 , which means at 3 3 2

2 1 1 r a b c 3 3 2

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL SEM 1 2009/10

Diamond structure
The diamond structure is the structure of several important semiconductor binary compounds e.g. Si and Ge. The space lattice is fcc. The primitive basis of the diamond structure has two identical atoms at coordinates 000 and associated with each point of the fcc lattice. The conventional unit cube of the diamond structure contains 8 atoms

Figure 22 Atomic positions in the cubic cell of the diamond structure projected on a cube face; fractions denote height above the base in units of a cube edge. The points at 0 and are on the fcc lattice; those at and are on a similar lattice displaced among the body diagonal by one-fourth of its length. With a fcc space lattice, the basis consists of two identical atoms at 000 and .

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL SEM 1 2009/10

Diamond structure
Figure 23 Crystal structure of diamond, showing the tetrahedral bond arrangement. The building block of diamond is a tetrahedron which is made up of four equilateral triangles

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL SEM 1 2009/10

Cubic zinc sulfide structure (zinc blende)

This structure is also known as the cubic zinc sulphide structure. It is essentially the same as the fcc diamond structure except that the atoms at the second sublattice are now of a different species. For ZnS for instance, the Zn ion is at 000 and the S ion at 1/4 1/4 1/4. This is shown in fig. 24. Many compound semiconductors such as InSb and InP have this zinc blende structure.

AgI,GaAs,GaSb,InAs,
PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL SEM 1 2009/10