HOW a fire works Fire prevention methods Emergency procedures on site

Dos and Donts

88% deaths were caused due to inhalation of smoke & toxic gases
5% 7%
Death Due to Burn Injuries Jumping to death

88%

By inhalation of smoke & toxic gases

Objectives
Understand the combustion process and different fire classes. Understand fire extinguisher types, operating procedures, capabilities, and limitations. Understand basic firefighting concepts:

F I N D

I N F O R M

R E S T R I C T

E X T I N G U I S H

FIREis a chemical reaction between oxygen and fuel and it evolves heat after reaction.

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

CLASS-A FIRE
A fire involving ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, cloth and plastic materials.

CLASS-B FIRE
A fire involving combustible or flammable liquids grease,tar oil based Paints and similar materials.

CLASS C FIRE
A fire involving energized electrical Equipment where safety to the employee requires the use of electrically non-conductive extinguishing media

CLASS-D FIRE
A fire involving combustible

metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium and potassium.

COMPONENTS OF FIRE
FIRE TRIANGLE

FUEL

STARVATION

PROCESS OF EXTINGUISH FIRE

1 COOLING- REMOVAL OF HEAT

Pouring Water on Fire ( e.g. Fire Hydrants, Water Extinguishers )

2 STARVATION- REMOVAL OF FUEL

Cutting of supply of combustible materials ( e.g. closing fuel supply line, removing wood, paper etc. )
3 SMOOTHERING - REMOVAL OF OXYGEN

Removing Oxygen supply to fire for e.g. CO2 & DCP extinguishers, using fire blankets etc.

DETECTION FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE

Fire Control Panel.

Slave control panel is located in each block. Main Control Panel is located in BMS integrated to each slave panel. The smoke /Heat detectors are installed by the floor occupants and are connected to the Fire Control panel.
The main panel has inbuilt zone wise fire detector and automatic alarm on all floors, through an amplifier. In case of Fire ,Fire Control Panel will indicate location, Time, Date. We shall control the alarm sound by Fire Control Panel.

Smoke & Heat Detector

In case of Fire, Smoke & Heat Detector do the sense of Smoke & Heat and indicate at Fire Control Panel. If the system detects any abnormal heat/smoke it shall set of an alarm. have been posted in all lobbies. And rooms The alarm may sound in the form of a hooter. Also ,LED response indicators installed in the area will glow up.

Fire Alarm/ Hooters

Manual Control Point: It need to be push in pull down to alarm for a fire situation all occupant & staff are alert. Hooter- Unless made silent from control panel this will continue to sound.

Portable Fire Extinguisher. As per classification of Fire, Portable Fire Extinguishers are utilized for First Aid Fire Fighting. Fire Hydrant System Incase of fire we connect delivery hoses in hydrant and use the water for extinguish the fire. Sprinkler System Sprinkling system provided on roof top all around building at each floor to give a protection for fire extinguishing by water spray in an particular area/room. This system operate automatically on an particular fixed temperature.

Introduction Portable fire extinguishers can be found around the workplace or at building. They are an effective means of extinguishing accidental fires in the early stages and are intended to be used by the normal, relatively untrained user. The different types of portable fire extinguishers, the types of fire they are suitable for, and the suitable fire fighting techniques for using the equipment. Types of Fire A fire extinguisher is not for all kinds of fire and situations. Therefore, before learning to use a fire extinguisher, we have to understand different types of fires. Class A Fires: Normal combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth and other solid carbonaceous materials. Class B Fires: Flammable liquids such as petrol, lubricating oil, gas oil, naphtha, alcohols etc. Class C Fires: Gases emerging as burning jets from an orifice or fissure. Class D Fires: Flammable metals such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, and the radioactive metals. Electrical Fires may be another unique class of fire due to the hazard of electrocution. However, they have not been given a separate classification

PARTS OF FIRE EXTINGUIHER

DISCHARGE LEVER PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2 extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN AND SEAL CARRYING HANDLE

DISCHARGE TUBE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

BODY

Water Type Foam Type CO2 Dry Chemical Powder Clean Agent Gas

PRESSURIZED WATER
Class A fires only.
A Trash W ood Paper A Trash W ood Paper

2.5 gal. water (up to 1 minute

discharge time).
B Liquids Grease B Liquids Grease

Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check. 10-12 mt. maximum effective range.

C Electrical Equipment C Electrical Equipment

Can be started and stopped as necessary. Extinguishes by cooling burning material below the ignition point.

Class A or B fires
Total capacity 9 Lt. (up to 5-6 mt. range) It contains 8.5 Lt. water And 500 ml. AFFF Extinguishes by smothering burning materials.

Foam type
CONSTRUCTION This extinguisher consists of a

cylindrical body onto which a cap

union is fitted. The cap union is fitted with a Co2 gas cartridge, piercer mechanism and safety clip. The body is fitted with a siphon tube. Screwed onto the nipple of

the siphon tube is a flexible braided plastic hose terminating with

plastic foam making branch pipe.

Foam type
METHOD OF OPERATION:
Keep the extinguisher on the ground or platform Withdraw the branch pipe from its seat, swing back the safety clip and press down the knob with the palm. This action releases Co2 gas from the cartridge and pressurizes the extinguisher body.

Foam is then directed to fall onto

the fire gently.

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

Class B or C fires.
A Trash W ood Paper A Trash W ood Paper

(8-30 seconds discharge time). Has NO pressure gauge-

B Liquids Grease B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment C Electrical Equipment

capacity verified by weight. 1-3 m t. maximum effective range. Extinguishes by smothering burning materials. Effectiveness decreases as temperature of burning material increases.

CONSTRUCTION The extinguisher consists of

HOSE VALVE

a cylindrical body onto which

PIN

a wheel valve is fitted. The wheel valve is having a

HANDLE

safety pin with which we can

lock the wheel valve and also to this wheel valve a

CYLINDER

HORN

discharge horn made of fibre

plastic is fitted. The body is fixed with a siphon tube.

Carbon Dioxide
METHOD OF OPERATION:
HOSE VALVE

Remove the safety pin and

PIN

turn the wheel in anticlockwise direction and

HANDLE

direct the gas to the seat

of fire with the help of the discharge horn. We can

CYLINDER

HORN

control the flow of the gas turning the wheel valve in clockwise direction.

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

Class A, B, or C fires. dry chemical (ammonium phosphate) pressurized by nitrogen gas (8-25 seconds

A Trash W ood Paper A Trash W ood Paper

discharge time).

B Liquids Grease B Liquids Grease

Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check. 2-6 mt maximum effective range.

C Electrical Equipment C Electrical Equipment

Extinguishes by smothering burning materials.

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

(Cartridge Type)
SAFETY CLIP

CONSTRUCTION DCP extinguisher consists of a

CATRIDGE

HOSE

cylindrical body onto which a cap union is screwed. The cap union is having the

piercer mechanism and safety clip and Co2 gas cartridge is

DCP

screwed onto this.

NOZZEL

OUTER CONTAINER

The body is fixed with siphon tube.

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

(Cartridge Type)
SAFETY CLIP

METHOD OF OPERATION Withdraw the hose from its seat,

CATRIDGE

swing back the safety clip and

HOSE

press down the knob with the palm. This releases Co2 gas from the cartridge and pressurizes the extinguisher body.

DCP OUTER CONTAINER

NOZZEL

This pressure pushes the dry powder out which comes out as a stream. The stream of powder is directed towards the BASE of fire.

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

Stored Pressure Type

USE Suitable for Class A, B fires. IS Code: 13949 -1993 Size of Fire Extinguishers 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10kg and C

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

METHOD OF OPERATION Aim at the base of the fire. Squeeze the valve From one side of fire Cover the whole area by sweeping action.

Eco friendly Gas filled cylinders. Simple to operate Also available as self actuated cylinders which burst automatically when temp rises beyond 60 deg Celcius.

Using A Fire Extinguisher

USE

PASS System

PASS-

Pull
Aim Squeeze Sweep

Pull

oPull the Pin

This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher.

Aim oAim at the base of the fire

Squeeze
oSqueeze the top handle or lever. This depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent in the extinguisher

SweepoSweep from side to side until the fire is completely out.

Fire Detection & Alarm System Main control panel is located in the BMS room Slave panels integrated with Main panel is located in each block. The smoke /Heat detectors are installed by the floor occupants and are connected to the main panel. All AHU and other ventilation / pressurization systems are operationally hooked-up with fire alarm/detection system. Fire fighting system : The following fire fighting system are provided with the above detection and alarm system. Fire Pumps (Hydrant pump, Sprinkler pump, Jockey pump and diesel driven pump) Fire Hydrants , Hose reels , Fire Extinguishers , Sprinkler System & PA System

Rules for Fighting Fires

Fight fire in up wind direction. Start fighting the fire from safe distance (2 5 m) away.

Direct the stream to the base of the fire.

Sweep the stream from side to side. Do not leave the fire area unless you are sure that the fire is completely out.

Signage

Signage have been posted in all lobbies.

Fire Alarm:

If the system detects any abnormal heat/smoke it shall set of an alarm. The alarm may sound in the form of a hooter. They get activated when the temp.in the area increases above the 68 deg.C.

Water sprinkler :

Wet Riser System :

Pressurized wet riser are provide in the building to which 63 mm hose pipes can be connected for carrying out fire fighting by the trained person.

Hose Reels :

Hose reels are also provided on wet riser. In case of small fire ,individual can use these to extinguish the fire. .

Fire Extinguishers: Fire Extinguishers have been provided at different fire points next to Fire Hydrant chest as follows:a) Water Type b) Co2 Type c) ABC Type Dry Chemical Powder DG Area: Provided with major Fire Fighting Equipment: a) 50 ltr trolley mounted foam Type Extinguisher. b) Water and sand bucket arrangement. Panel Room: Provided with 10 Kg trolley mounted Fire Extinguisher. Server Room: Provided with Following Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers:a) Self actuated ceiling mounted 5kg fire extinguishers b) Two Kg wall mounted clean fire extinguishers

Dos The occupant entity should designate one senior member as a warden from each floor. Good housekeeping must be ensured. Dont smoke inside the building. All receptacles for waste should be emptied at regular intervals. Faulty electrical appliances should be replaced immediately. Welding, cutting jobs should be carried out under strict supervision. Fire rescue drills should be carried at regular intervals. Dont Dont plug too many electrical appliances in one socket Dont paint fire detector/sprinkler heads.

Fire Source Detection & Information

Sources from where the fire call can be received in the fire control room: (a) Fire panel in the fire control room. (b) Phone call. (c) Personnel information (d) The manual call point

Action to be taken by the Security staff in the fire control room:

(a) Security guard should be sent for verification. (b) A second guard should be send with fire extinguisher. (c) To inform local fire Manager.

Isolation of power supply

The Manger FM along with the engineering staff will cut of the electrical supply to the affected area

Sources of fire at site

Causes of Fire

Hot Work Friction (Welding, Grinding)

Electrical cables Electrical equipment

Smoking
Combustible materials

Fire Emergency Response

R A C

Rescue

Alarm

Contain

Extinguish

Fire Fighting
Emergency Procedure
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Alarm- Fire Fire Fire Shut Down electrical supply to the area. Dont place your own life in danger If you feel comfortable collect fire extinguisher Choose the correct extinguisher and go to the fire Extinguish fire

7.

Remember to aim at base for best results

Assembly Point is the pre decided safe area for assembling of the occupant employees. Where they stand safely in case of emergency.
All employees of the occupant will assemble at this point in case of emergency. After assembling all floor in charges will verify their respective floor. After counting all floor in charges will inform to security officer about any missing person. Security officer along with rescue team will search the missing person and evacuate him/her to assembly area. Required first aid to be provided to the injured person.