INTRODUCTION TO MOVEMENT

(MOVEMENT AND ITS TYPES)

Fareeha Amjad
Physiotherapist and lecturer MSPT (Musculoskeletal)
Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences.

OBJECTIVES:
To understand the concept of different types of movements. To memorize the types of exercises in relation to these movement types.

TYPES OF MOVEMENT

A) ACTIVE MOVEMENT

B) PASSIVE MOVEMENT

A) ACTIVE MOVEMENT
Movement of body that is done by patient himself, is said to be active movement.

Active Movement is ALWAYS performed or controlled by the voluntary action of muscles.

TYPES OF ACTIVE MOVEMENTS

1. Assisted

2. Free 3. Assisted-resisted
4. Resisted

1) ASSISTED EXERCISE:
The external force is utilized to perform this movement. Purpose: The patient can move his or her limb but cannot complete full range of motion because of weakness or pain.

The muscle has the strength and endurance but is not sufficient to perform the movement

ASSISTED EXERCISE

PASSIVE

ACTIVE

MANNUAL

MECHANICAL

ACTIVE ASSISTANCE:
The patient himself can assist with his opposite extremity to perform the assisted exercise.

PASSIVE ASSISTENCE

Manual assisted exercise Mechanical assisted exercise

MANUAL ASSISTED EXERCISE

The passive assistance may be given by therapist, any of the medical professionals, patient relatives or friends. This type of assisted exercise is maximum passive in nature but patient has to try to perform the movement up to his ability.

MECHANICAL ASSISTED EXERCISE:

The assisted exercise is done with the help of the mechanical devices are called mechanical assisted exercises. Example: Pulleys and springs

2) FREE EXERCISE:
These exercises are performed by the patient himself, without any assistance or resistance by the external force except gravity.

FREE EXERCISE
Localized
e.g: Exs to knee joint or shoulder joint

Generalized
e.g: jogging, running

ADVANTAGE OF FREE XS:

It is much more useful for the home program schedule, as the patient can perform without depending on anybody.

DISADVANTAGE OF FREE XS:

There is the possibility to perform improper, irrelevant and accessory movements. So, there should be the proper supervision or proper guidance to the patient to perform the free exercises.

3) ASSISTED-RESISTED EXERCISE:
This exercise is the combination of assistance and resistance during a single movement.

Purpose: Muscles may be strong enough to work against resistance in some part of range and not in others.

4) RESISTED EXERCISE: The activities which are performed by opposing the manual or mechanical resistance is called resisted exercise.

MANNUAL RESISTANCE: By therapist, patient himself, medical professional, relative or friends. MECHANICAL RESISTANCE: By weights, springs, pulleys, water, Thera bands.

Purpose:
To increase the strength of weak muscle. To increase muscle power and endurance. To increase muscle volume (hypertrophy)

b) Passive movement:
Movement of body which is performed with the help of external force (no effort from patient) These movements are done whenever the muscle fail to perform the movement by its own. or when muscular activity voluntarily reduced as much as possible to permit movement.

Purpose: This is usually done to prevent stiffness of the joint from being inactive or paralyzed. Also, passive range of motion is done in conjunction with stretching exercises.

Classification of passive movements:

1. Relaxed passive movements. 2. Passive manual mobilization. Mobilization of joints Manipulation of joints and soft tissues Stretching of soft tissues.

Manipulation

Stretching

Mobilization

PASSIVE MOVEMENTS

MANUAL

MECHANICAL

REFRENCES:
http://www.physicaltherapynotes.com/2010 /11/range-of-motion-types-of-range-of.html
S. Lakshami Narayanan, Text book of therapeutic exercises, 1st edition 2005. The principle of exercise therapy, M. Dena Gardiner. 4th edition Clinical Kinesiology.Brunnstroms.5th edition.

QUIZ...TIME

ANY QUESTION

UP COMING TOPIC:
Types of muscle work. Types of muscle contraction.

THANK YOU