GSM based airport automation

Introduction:
A large airport typically has dozens of automation systems that require

automatic information interchange among them to ensure safe and efficient airport operation. The management and operations of a successful modern airport has always been a complex exercise. Today, pressure from new airline alliances and low cost operators, together with airport privatization and acquisition, is resulting in a far more competitive environment between airports. Operational efficiency needs to be taken to a more advantageous cost base without compromising growth and quality. This requires increased automation and integration of the airport systems, and a clearer, more consistent and timely view of the total airport business. In this circumstance GSM based airport automation is the very helpful idea to implement the complex structure of airport very simple.

Airport automation:

GSM
Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation.
GSM Services:
Tele-services Bearer or Data Services Supplementary services

GSM Specification:
Carrier Separation : 200 KHz

Duplex Distance

: 45 MHz No. of RF carriers : 124 Access Method : TDMA/FDMA Modulation Method : GMSK Modulation data rate : 270.833 Kbps

GSM Architecture:

 Mobile Station (MS) Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication Center (AUC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Airport automation without GSM:

In a normal scenario, during the landing of aircraft there is only a verbal confirmation issued from the ATC (Air Traffic Controller) to the pilot. The plane after landing is then directed to a gate where it is parked and the passengers can come to the lounge to collect their baggage. Typically all the electric devices in the lounges are controlled manually and when a flight arrives they are activated and then later on they are deactivated. Also the baggage collection belts are always running. All these things lead to a lot of wastage of power and wrong happenings (considering accidents) owing to the human errors. Also, at the time of the departure of the flight there are many things that needs to be taken care of, for e.g. there is a need to know the status of the fueling, servicing, crew boarding, catering, security check clearance, passenger boarding, preliminary checks etc.

Proposed Structure:

Centralized control using GSM authentication Maintaining the Logs of events with timings Automatic gate number selection and informing. Automatic door opening and closing in the zones Display of flight numbers on the LCDs Zone lighting control Automatic belt control. Status display of departure flights. Automatic announcements at the airport and in the ATC.

Working principle:
This project uses a GSM modem with micro controller The microcontroller & the GSM modem are connected. And also displaying

unit LCD, relay for on-off operation, PC for monitoring are connected with microcontroller. In the centralized control, messages from all points are sent to a common place and all the decisions are taken from that single base point. The sensors will inform as to which gates are empty or which gates are filled. The arrival lounge is divided in to the same number of zones as the number of gates and the lighting and other electrical items in the selected zones are also automatically controlled. This saves the unnecessary wastage of power in the zone. The baggage collection belts (using set of motors) are also activated only when the particular zone is selected and otherwise switched off. This also helps in conserving the power.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Conclusion
Large-scale airport systems integration is a very complex and difficult

task. Without a well planned approach it is difficult to manage the system. The approach of GSM based airport automation become very helpful to perform deferent task with well mannered. To add in the security and authenticity we propose that the message also contain a password and this password can then be compared for the authenticity and security and also the messages will be accepted only from the known numbers. Appropriate message announcements can be delivered at the arrival/ departure lounges and also in the ATC. This project will definitely be able to show a way to conserve the power and also to automate many things at the airport.

References:

FLASH MAGIC
FOR AT89C51,52