Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Simulation using MATLAB

Under the esteemed guidance of Mr. N SRIKANTH , Assoc prof

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
K.RADHAKRISHNA (10A25A0403) B.BHASKARA RAO (09A21A0419) G.RAVI TEJA (09A21A0415) S.GOPINADH (09A21A0440)

Abstract
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is becoming the chosen modulation technique for wireless communications. OFDM can provide large data rates with sufficient robustness to radio channel impairments.

The purpose of the project is to provide Matlab code to simulate the basic processing involved in the generation and reception of an OFDM signal in a physical channel.
For this purpose, we shall use, as an example, one of the proposed OFDM signals of the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB).

Outline
Introduction Block diagram of OFDM Explanation Applications Simulation Result

Introduction to OFDM
Basic idea Using a large number of parallel narrowband sub-carrier instead of a single wideband carrier to transport information Advantages Very easy and efficient in dealing with multi-path Robust against narrow-band interference Adopted by various standards DSL, 802.11a, DAB, DVB, etc.

Frequency

....
w/n
Frequency

Single carrier system signal representing each bit uses all of the available spectrum Multicarrier system available spectrum divided into many narrow bands data is divided into parallel data streams each transmitted on a separate band

OFDM Definition
The technique of OFDM is based on the wellknown technique of FDM FDM technique: FDM
Different streams of information are mapped onto separate parallel frequency channels Guard bands are inserted to reduce interference between adjacent channels
frequency

OFDM technique:
Multiple carriers carry the information stream Carrier spectrum are overlapped and orthogonal to each other.

OFDM

frequency

DVB-T TRANSMITTER:

OFDM TRANSMISSION
Fig: DVB-T Transmitter

OFDM RECEPTION
Synch& Channel estimation Channel decode

Source decoding and demultiplexing

Block diagram:(OFDM Modulation system)

Discrete frequency domain Each input controls signal at one frequency

Discrete Time Domain Samples of modulated and multiplexed signals

quadrature amplitude modulation (4QAM) encoder

N-IFFT

D/A + transmit filter

LPF

TRANSMITTER
channel

RECEIVER

QAM slicer (decoder)

N-FFT

A/D Converter

Receive filter LPF

Explanation:
QAM: It generates symbols it can act as a single carrier modulation. IFFT: converts frequency domain to time domain. Transmission filter: it performs the convolution operation with the Unit impulse signal The output the filter is stair case.

 LPF: Here we are using butter worth LPF it converts the stair case Signal to continuous signal of with frequency range fc =2fm According to nyquist criterion.

DVB-T TRASMISSION MODES

Parameters
# sub carriers Modulation type Subcarrier spacing Symbol duration (Ts) Allowed guard interval ( /Ts)

2k mode
1705`

8k mode
6817

4 QAM,16 QAM,64 QAM 4 QAM,16 QAM,64 QAM 4464 Hz 224 micro sec 1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32 1116 Hz 896 micro sec 1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32

Applications
Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Wireless Networking Power-line Technology

SIMULATION RESULTS
At transmitter side: AMPLITUDE

AMPLITUDE

psd(db/Hz)

FREQUENCY

TIME

FREQUENCY

Figure1:Inphase and quadrature phase components of carriers

Fig 2:frequency response of signal carriers at the output of FFT

fig4: Time response of the signal output from the transmit filter

AMPLITUDE

TIME

AMPLITUDE

TIME

Fig 3: transmit filter characteristics in time

domain

fig 6:D/A Filter response

AMPLITUDE

frequency
psd(db/Hz)

frequency

AMPLITUDE

frequency

Fig 5:Frequency response of the signal output from the Transmit filter

Fig7: Time response of signal output from LPF

AMPLITUDE

AMPLITUDE

frequency
psd(db/Hz)

TIME

frequency

Fig8 :frequency response of the signal output from LPF

Fig9: Time response of the pass band signal

AMPLITUDE

AMPLITUDE

frequency
psd(db/Hz) TIME

frequency

Fig10:frequency response of the pass band signal

Reception results:

Fig2:frequency response of the down converted signal

AMPLITUDE

AMPLITUDE

FREQUENCY psd(db/Hz) TIME

FREQUENCY

Fig1:inphase quadraturephase components of the down converted signal

Fig3: Time response of the signal output from the Butterworth LPF

AMPLITUDE

AMPLITUDE

FREQUENCY psd(db/Hz)

TIME

FREQUENCY

Fig4:frequenc response of the signal output from the Butterworth filter

Fig5 :time response of the sampled signal

AMPLITUDE

FREQUENCY psd(db/Hz)

FREQUENCY

Fig6:frequency response of the sampled signal

Fig7 :Received data constellation

Fig8 : 4-QAM constellation after slicing

conclusion
OFDM is a better fit with todays high-speed data requirements in UHF and microwave spectrum. OFDM has been adopted as the modulation method of choice for practically all new wireless technologies being used and developed today