Date : 19th May 2013

Artificial Elements Of Garden

Name : Fairuz Roll Number : Barch/8008/10 Subject : Seminar

Introduction
Garden is a planned space. It is set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and artificial element. Natural elements are those element created by nature such as soil, rock, light, water, plants etc. Artificial elements are those element created by man such as pathways, pool, fences, sculpture, lighting etc.

Artificial Elements Of Garden

Function Of Artificial Elements
To cater the needs which could not be accommodated by natural elements To provide complimentary effect and to enhance the aesthetic of the garden

Artificial Elements :
Structures that are added to enhance and make the space complete are as follows: Garden Furniture Art work Garden Shelter Lighting Fixtures Garden Bridge Pavement Planters Fences Water features Signage And Sign Boards

Garden Furniture
Garden Furniture are also called patio

furniture and outdoor furniture Is a type of furniture specifically designed for outdoor use.
It is typically made of weather-resistant

materials. Following point has to be noted while locating a seating area: a. Proper shade has to be maintained such as trees, canopies, foliage etc. b. Windy areas should not be obstructed by other landscape elements c. Should provide pleasant view to people d. Avoid noisy pedestrian route

Types Of Garden Furniture

Garden furniture is often sold as :

1. Patio set consisting of a table, four or six chairs, and a parasol. 2. A picnic table is used for the purpose of eating a meal outdoors. 3. Long chairs, referred to as chaise longue, are also common items.

Patio Set

Picnic Table

Chaise Longue

Garden Furniture Design

Design / Materials of Garden furniture's depend upon

the following :

a.
b.

c. d.

e.

f.

Length of use Comfort is the main criteria in design Maintenance Materials used should be easily cleaned or repainted Design should avoid intricate corners & spaces Impairment Structure of materials should be durable Cost Construction & maintenance costs should compliment the surrounding construction cost and landscape design Scale Scale or size should be able to accommodate load as well as relate to the surrounding landscape scale Context Materials chosen: modern or traditional, to be used in the urban or countryside

Garden Shelter
Garden Shelter is a simple structure which is used

to provide shade and shelter to the people.

Functions Of Garden shelter :-

a. Provide shelter for relaxing and gathering b. Act as a viewing place c. Act as a focal point / node / centre attraction in garden

Design/Material :-

a. Architecture Design should be related to existing landscape or building b. Material Are easily available and easier to construct Should be weather proof

Types Of Garden Shelter

Gazebo

Pergola

Garden Bowers

Garden Bridge
Garden bridge is a structure built to span physical

obstacles such as a body of water, valley, path Located at suitable areas or height, not vulnerable to damages
Functions Of Garden bridge :-

a. b. c. d.

To link access from one place to another To avoid dangerous or disturbing element To provide aesthetic value to landscape design To provide passage over the obstacle.

Design/Material :-

a. Architecture Design should be related to existing landscape or building but comfort is the main criteria b. Material Should be durable, weatherproof or vandal proof such as wood, concrete, stone, bricks etc

Planters
Planter is a decorative container in which plants are

grown. They are used in urban areas for aesthetic purpose They are also used when the soil is unsuitable for planting
Functions Of Planters :-

a.

Placement: Used in areas where there are lots of light Used in noisy areas where plants are able to absorb noise, purify air or bad odor

b. Subdivision : Subdivide spaces into different areas c. Direction indication : Can be arranged to show direction or access

d. Scale

Planters

Design / Materials Of Planters :Water drainage Should have proper drainage holes

a.

b. Size/scale Planters should be proportionate to the surroundings for aesthetic purposes c. Cost expensive, should be suitable with landscape maintenance and design

d. Material easily available, vandal proof, suitable with other landscape elements e. f. Construction durable with aesthetic value, easily constructed Moisture contain able to contain enough water or moisture

Water Feature
Water feature plays an important role in garden

The available sources used for water features includes the municipality water and recycled water from rainwater and grey -water. Can be of various shape, sizes & colors
Functions Of Water features :-

a. b. c. d.

Adds ambience to the space Creates a focal point Delivers a soothing sound, Provides home for fish and water plants, etc.

Design/Materials :a. Material Should be easily available and durable such as stone, granite, stainless steel, resin, and glass b. Architecture Design should be related to existing landscape or building

Types Of Water Feature

Different types of water features are :

1. 2. 3. 4.

Fountain is a structure which jets water into the air for a decorative purpose. Pond is a body of standing water created for habitat restoration & ornamentation Pool is a container filled with water intended for water-based recreation Cascade is a place where water flows over a vertical drop in the course of a stream o

Fountain

Pond

Pool

Cascade

Art work
Artwork plays an important role in garden

They are used to provide a good view They act as a focal point Are expensive & can be found in various shape, sizes & colors
Principle Of Artwork :-

a. Avoid using symbols or forms that offend the owner / culture /religion b. Should be placed at safe and strategic place c. Relates to the scale of park or garden

Design/Materials :a. Concept / Theme Design should be related to existing landscape or garden b. Material Should be easily available and durable such as concrete, aluminum, fiber glass, timber, glass, Perspex

Lighting Fixtures
Garden lighting refers to the use of outdoor illumination of

private gardens
Functions Of Lighting Fixtures :-

a. To illuminate in dark and insecure areas b. To provide suitable mood for occasions c. To illuminate and enhance a focal element or dangerous objects

a. b. c. d.

Design/Materials :Material Durable material ,weather proof & vandal proof Maintenance Alternative route for pedestrian users during maintenance to avoid mischief Horizontal shields Should be provided to reduce vertical light above the fixture. Lamps Metal halide, high & pressure sodium, fluorescent & incandescent lamps are commonly used

Types Of Lighting

Spot Lighting

Silhouette

Shadowing

Sign Lighting

Moon Lighting

Up lighting

Walkway

Path & Spread

Types Of Lighting

Fountain Lighting

Pond Lighting

Grazing

Down Lighting

Step lighting

Security Lighting

Pavement
Pavement is basically a walkway or footpath on which people walk.
Functions Of Pavement :-

To indicate direction by using suitable, comfortable surfaces for pedestrian, compared to surfaces of other area b. To differentiate access vehicles and pedestrian, by using different surface finishes c. Hazard indicator At junctions or meeting points of pedestrians and vehicles. d. Stopping point Act as a focal point for temporary stopping point/pause a.

Pavement
Choice Of Materials:-

a. o o

Cost and availability Expensive but low maintenance Easily available from nearest supplier

b. Furnishing & maintenance o Surface finishes relate to the surrounding or function c. Safety, sound and light reflection o Rough finish to avoid and prevent slip o Soft material with rough finish could reduce and absorb noise/sound sourceso Dark colored surface finishes absorb light

Fences
A fence is a freestanding structure

Designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary. Used more frequently to provide visual sectioning of spaces
Functions Of Fence :-

a. b. c. d.

Spaces or areas division To hinder unpleasant view Security from intruder To prevent soil erosion

Design/Materials :a. Material easily available, water proof and durable b. Architecture Design should be related to existing landscape or building

Signage & Sign Board

Signage is a kind of visual graphics

Created to display information to a particular audience. Manifested in the form of way finding information Materials of sign board depends on cost, design, durability & maintenance

Principle:
o Standardized design, color & lettering should be used o Location of each signage o Suitable size should be used to convey information o Signage should not obstruct aesthetic of other landscape elements

Types of information:
o Informative o Preventive /prohibiting / warning

Conclusion
The principles of Garden design are to compose

the elements of into a sound organization, focusing on activities especially in intensive areas The characters of the components used, could be organic or inorganic, are determined by balance, basic organization as well as gradient(whether casual or control urban format). Artificial element of garden describes: 1. the practical need for reinforcement and intensive 2. the aesthetic need for control, permanent and civic

Date : 19th May 2013

Artificial Elements Of Garden

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