EX7100 Training Course

EX7100 Training Course
Version 1.0, October 2005
Course objectives
Upon completion, participants will be able to:
Install and commission a EX7100 link Set-up and configure the system to be compatible with different network configurations Alignment of system and modules Fault find to module level
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Last Mile Wireless Communication Solutions
Agenda
Day 1
Introduction Module 1. EX7100 overview Module 2. Module description and specifications Module 3. Getting started - System software & management
Day 2
Module 4. Networking & Digital RF systems Module 5. Voice networks Module 6. Data networks Module 7. RF network
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Agenda Contd
Day 3
Module 8. Installation and commissioning Module 9. Site and system planning Module 10. Site considerations
Day 4
Module 11. Electro static discharge (ESD) Module 12. Diagnostics, maintenance and fault finding Module 13. System alignment
Day 5
Module 14. Repeater systems Module 15. Practical activity
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Annex
EX7100 system training manual EX7100 handouts
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History of EXICOM
1913
1988
June 1996
Circa 1970
1992
2003
NEW ZEALAND
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EXICOM today
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EXICOM today Contd
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EX7100 Overview
Module 1.
Introduction
The Exicom EX7100 is a 64kbps digital radio system providing either six telephone circuits or 1 single 64kbps data channel in various interface configurations. In telephone mode the EX7100 effectively acts like a pair of copper wires, in that it passes most signalling between the customers telephone and the exchange. The EX7100 replaces these copper pairs with reliable, full CCITT standard radiotelephone connection, using DSP and Voice encoding technology supporting payphone, fax, modem data and some point of sale terminals. The single 64kbps channel option can provide various interface including ITU-T compliant G.703 and synchronous V.35. This allows convenient connections to external OEM multiplexers, bridges, and router at data rates of 64kbps.
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Conceptual View
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Key benefits
Six Telephone Circuit or 64kbps data interface over 25 kHz digital radio Spectrally efficient, allowing 64kbps into one 25 kHz Interfaces to Telephone, Fax, Modem, Payphone, and Point of Sale Terminals Reliable operation under difficult physical environmental conditions Ideal for use in public and private telephone, digital or radio networks Extensive local and remote diagnostics Exceeds G.821 error performance for international digital circuits
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Product features
Digital G.703 (E0) and Synchronous data interface Transparent 64kbps data available to the user Optional integrated multiplexer providing six low bit rate voice/fax/modem circuits Automatic fax and modem data detection for most protocols On-Demand transmit option for reduced power consumption
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Product features Contd

Inherent security through digital encoding Repeater option available Very high system gain with 2 or 10 Watt transmitters Self contained, solid aluminium 19 rack mounted chassis Integrated micro-controlled fans provide active cooling as the radio requires
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EX7100 applications 1
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Module description and specifications

Module 2.
System block diagram
Page 20
System interconnect
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System Hardware
The hardware consists of the following modules: General Non RF Modules
Power Supply Module Type 2964 Modem/Controller Module Type 2966 Front Panel Type 2994
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System Hardware Contd

RF Modules
VHF/UHF Transmitter Module Type 8027/8053 UHF CPU Module Type 8053 VHF/UHF Receiver Module Type 8029/8054 VHF/UHF Power Amplifier Module Type 8028/8048 VHF/UHF Front End Module Type 8018/8055 VHF/UHF Duplexer Filters Type 8013/8045
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System Hardware Contd

Line Interface Module (Only present in six channel variant)
2-wire 6 channel exchange line interface module Type 2967 4-wire module Type 2967 (Optional sub-module of the exchange line module) 2-wire 6 channel subscriber line interface module Type 2971 Isolated power supply Type 2990
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Specifications System
System
16 QAM modulation 3 VHF Bands: 138 174 MHz 5 UHF Bands: 403 512MHz 64kbit/s available bandwidth (68kbit/s including overheads) 25kHz Channel Bandwidth Duplex spacing
VHF: 4.6 10 MHz UHF: 5 13 MHz
Frequency Selection 5 or 6.25 kHz 50 N type female connector at antenna port
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Specifications Transmitter
Transmitter
Adjustable Tx RF Output: +31-40dBm (1.25-10W) adjustable in 3dBm steps 2W version available 100% duty cycle at 60C (140F) ambient, <3000m AMSL Emission designator: 18K4D1WET
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Specifications Receiver
Receiver
Receiver sensitivity:
Normal Temperature
10-3BER <-105dBm (<1.3V) @ Rx input 10-6BER <-102dBm (<1.8V) @ Rx input
Extreme Temperature
10-3BER <-102dBm (<1.8V) @ Rx input 10-6BER <-98dBm (<2.8V) @ Rx input
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Specifications Data Channel
Data channels
CCITT G.703 or Synchronous Data interfaces 64kbps full data rate Connections:
Unbalanced G.703 Balanced G.703 Synchronous Data - 75 BNC - 120 DB15 - DB15
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Specifications Voice Channels
Voice channels
Six low bit rate voice/fax/data channels. Automatic fax and data detection and regeneration (V.22, V.22bis, V.23, V.27ter, V.29, V.32 and G3 up to 9.6kbps) 6.4kbp/s MP-MLQ Voice compression (ITU-T G.723.1) Adjustable Send/Receive Line Levels 15 to +3dBm 600, 900 and complex 2 wire line impedance (4 wire 600). 25 or 45mA selectable line drive current. 12/16 kHz payphone meter pulse and line reversal.
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Specifications PSU
Power supply options

Low (10.8 30Vdc) or High voltage (30 70Vdc) DC/DC converter (integral) 110/230 Vac external power supplies available
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Getting started system software

Module 3.
EX7100 front panel
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User interface
The user interface consists of:
4 navigation keys 1 Enter key 1 Escape key 16 x 2 LCD screen 2 Test points 4 Status LEDs
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PC interface
Using the optional ELMS (Exicom link management system) software the user can:
Monitor and interrogate the link Check the status of the terminal (remote & local) Change parameters (remote & local) A PC can be connected either via a serial cable or remotely using a modem.
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User interface keys

4 navigation key allow the user to scroll through menus and change parameters e.g. passwords. The Escape key enables the user to back out of the menu location. Pressing the Enter key will accept the current selected parameter or allow access to the next menu screen. The shows the position of the cursor.
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Password access
The user interface has a two level password access.
1. Low level password for gaining access to the user menu. Default 1111 (can not be changed) 2. High level password to allow changes to the key operating parameters. Default 1234 (can be changed)
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Menu structure
Depending on the type of terminal the menu structure has 8 to 9 sub menus.
OR
Option
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Universal parameters
The EX7100 include a number of universal parameters. Some examples of these are:
Passwords Time / Date Operating mode Link ID
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System time / date

The time and date should be changed to reflect the local setting. The date time fields follow the UK format: DD/MM/YY.
To change the time / date, the cursor must be positioned over the required digit using the left / right keys and changed using the up / down keys.
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System operating mode

The EX7100 is capable of two operating mode:
Terminal 100% - Link continually active (Tx & Rx active constantly). Terminal on Demand Link active only when traffic is present.
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Link ID
The link ID stops the EX7100 from setting up a link when an interfering RF signal is present.
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Terminal descriptor
A 16 character descriptor can be set to display when the user menu is idle or instead of the ESN when being accessed from a remote location.
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Critical parameters
Critical parameters are any parameters that by incorrectly changing can cause the loss of link or contact with the remote terminal. The settings listed are considered critical parameters: Channel Increments (5 or 6.35kHz) Tx Operating Frequency Rx Operating Frequency Tx Power Interface type
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Changing critical parameter

The critical parameter will not change until a Test New Config routine is preformed. Test New Config procedure is only required when critical parameter are changed remotely. If any critical parameter on either remote or local terminals is incorrect no changes will take place.
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Test new configuration

After the changes have been made to both terminals the configuration must be validated or tested.
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Networking & Digital RF systems

Module 4.
Network Interfaces
The EX7100 is available in two variants
Six channel Voice/Fax/Modem Data interface or 64 kbps Digital Data interface.
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Demands on Analogue Radio Systems

More demands have been placed on greater information capacity, higher signal quality, improved security and digital data compatibility. Analogue AM and FM modulation techniques, while valuable, have proven inadequate to match todays needs for high-volume traffic. With millions of cell phone subscribers gobbling up voice bandwidth, we need a modulation method that can transfer information more efficiently and reliably.
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Digital Modulation
There are numerous digital modulation schemes in use in todays modern equipment but one technique that lends itself well to digital processes is called IQ Modulation. The IQ Modulation scheme the EX7100 employs is called 16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
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Why Go Digital?
Can handle both data and voice More efficient Once the Baseband signal (voice or data) is digitised, we can effectively do whatever we want with it. This means digital algorithms can be created that requires fewer bits to be transmitted. Fewer bits, means more users or higher data rates can be accommodated
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QAM
As with most modulation schemes, when a carrier is modulated with the Baseband signal, the carriers waveform is changed slightly. In the QAM modulation schemes, the amplitude (Amplitude Modulation) as well as the phase (Quadrature) of carrier is modified.
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I/Q Plane
We can treat the modulating signal as a phasor where the real axis is in-phase (I) and the imaginary axis is the Quadrature (Q) component. The I and Q Baseband signals are manipulated to product the modulated carrier. Both I and Q inputs are dc voltage values. Each I and Q coordinate represents a binary bit.
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I/Q Plane Explained

For example; I = Binary 0 with o/p = +1Vdc and Q = binary 0 with o/p = +1Vdc Then the output Amplitude = 0.707Vdc with a Phase angle of 45 (see figure B). I = M*cos Q = M*sin M: Magnitude, : Phase angle
I I Q Q
Figure A. Un-modulated @ Unity Gain
Figure B. Modulated Assuming unity Gain (Magnitude of 1) at 45. I and Q will therefore have an amplitude of 0.707Vdc
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16 QAM
The previous screen showed an example of single coordinate or phase state. But this example uses a 2 binary bit (commonly called symbols), which will permit four phase states. These four states represent the bit rate, thus the maximum theoretical bit rate for a 4-QAM system is 8kbit/s
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16 QAM Contd
Now consider a symbol rate of four bits. The I coordinates can be either a positive or negative values and can have two amplitude levels. (2 Bits) The Q coordinates can be either a positive or negative values and can have two amplitude levels. (2 Bits)
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16 QAM Contd
A symbol rate of four bit represents 16 phase states (16-QAM) which gives a maximum theoretical bit rate of 64kbit/s.
Figure 1. 16 QAM constellation.
Figure 2. 16 QAM circuitry.
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IQ Mapping table
Binary Input Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Q 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 I 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 I 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 16 QAM Output Magnitude 1.414 3.162 1.414 3.162 3.162 4.242 3.162 4.242 1.414 3.162 1.414 3.162 3.162 4.242 3.162 4.242 Phase Angle +45.00 +18.43 +135.00 +161.56 +71.56 +45.00 +108.43 +135.00 -45.00 -18.43 -135.00 -161.56 -71.56 -45.00 -108.43 -135.00
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Demodulated 16 QAM Constellation

Q Vector Plot Simulation
Binary Output
0001 0100 1111 0111 0110 1000 1101 1100 1011 1110 1010 0000 0101 1001 0010 0011
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Voice networks
Module 5.
Six Channel Line Modules

The EX7100 was designed to deliver up to 6 low bit rate voice, fax or modem data channels over an efficient 25 kHz radio channel. To achieve this, the EX7100 uses CODEC compression techniques in the 6 channel line module. In particular, the MP-MLQ (G.723.1) scheme is used. This provides 6 voice channels at 10:1 compression (6.3 kbps) with a MOS rating of 3.9. The module also allows the use of modem or fax data of up to 9.6 kbps. Unlike analogue radio the modem and fax tones are not passed through the radio in-band but are instead relayed across the link in the digital stream. Each end must effectively act as a modem, detect the tones and then switch to the correct protocol. Secondary protection to the EX7100 is provided by thermistors, dual transient voltage protectors and Zener diodes (low level).
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Telephony interface settings

Two interface options are available (depending on the terminal) for telephony mode:
Exchange Used when the terminal has an Exchange line card fitted. Subscriber Used when the terminal has a Subscriber line card fitted.
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Telephony operating modes

The operating modes for telephony can be set for either:
Point to Point Used for 6-wire trunking (only available when systems have 4-wire E&M modules fitted). Exch Subs Normal 2-wire telephony mode.
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Six channel Interface

The EX7100 telephony ready option comes complete with a low bit rate six channel voice multiplexer. This allows full use of 6 voice or modem / fax data channels over a standard 25 kHz channel radio.
6 low bit rate Voice/Fax/Modem channels (optional Async V24/RS232) Modem/Fax/Data bit rate up to 9600 bps (V.32 modem, G3 Fax) 2-wire or optional 4-wire telephony interfaces. Selectable audio levels, line impedance, and telephone line current. Inbuilt payphone metering detection and generation. Support for CLID, Tone & Pulse Dialling
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Six channel Interface Contd

Unlike analogue radio systems, the voice, modem/data, fax, and payphone metering must be detected and recreated (relayed).
Fax relay supported: CCITT V21, V.27ter, and V.29 Modem relay supported: CCITT V.21, V.22bis, V.23, V.32, and Bell212A Full Duplex
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Voice Coding/Decoding (CODEC)

For normal telephony, the audio frequency must first be detected in the EX7100 and then converter to a digital signal using an Analogue to Digital Converter. The signal is then compressed using proprietary voice encoding schemes.
10:1 compression permits six voice channels to fit within a single 64 kbps channel. MP-MLQ (Multi Pulse Maximum Likelihood Quantization) technique is used for voice compression. Voice quality - MOS 3.9 Near Toll Quality Inherent voice/modem data security due to proprietary voice coding and multiplexing techniques.
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Mean Opinion Score (MOS)

The quality of the sent speech through a CODEC is at the discretion of the listener. One benchmark used to determine the quality of the audio produced by a specific CODEC is the mean opinion score (MOS). The MOS rating is judged by a wide panel of listeners to give scores on a scale of 1 (bad) to 5 (excellent). The scores are then averaged to provide the MOS rating for that CODEC.
Figure 1. Typical MOS rating set-up. Note MOS rating of 4 = toll quality.
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Echo Cancelling
Telephone echo can occur at a number of areas in the circuit. There is near end echo which occurs when the local telephone and line is not matched correctly and far end echo which occurs when the remote telephone is not matched to the line. To minimise the effect, the EX7100 employs echo cancellers. The cancellers conform to ITU G.165 recommendation and operate over a 16 ms period. A minimum of 6 dB echo loss is required for correct canceller operation.
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Telephone line signals

Various signalling mechanisms are used on the telephone line and the EX7100 handles these in much the same way as the modem/fax data by detecting and regenerating at the far end.
Some examples are:
On hook Off hook Hook flash 12 and 16 kHz metering pulses Line reversal Decadic dialling Ringing (Standard and distinctive ring) Calling Line ID
1 Verified fax and modem protocols are listed in the EX7100 specifications
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Changing audio line levels

Both receive and transmit audio levels are selectable in 0.5dBm step from -15dBm and +3dBm.
OR
Note: Each channel can be selected individually.
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Changing line impedance

Three selectable line termination impedances are available, 600, 900 or complex.
OR
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Changing the loop current

If additional telephones are connected or excessively long distances are experienced between terminal and telephone, the loop current may need to be increased to compensate.
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4 Wire + E & M operation

An optional 4 wire + E & M module may be fitted at each end of the link. This allows the EX7100 to be used to extend or trunk a telephone exchange. If used in trunking mode, the M wire is used to trigger the establishment of the link by grounding. This will correspond to a grounding of the E wire at the far end which in turn will open the audio.
-ve M-Wire (type I): Activation achieved by pulling from a +ve Voltage to -ve Voltage.
+ve M-Wire (type V): Activation achieved by pulling from a -ve Voltage to +ve Voltage.
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Setting 4-wire operation

If the optional 4-wire module is fitted the exchange terminal can be for set point to point or 2-wire / 4-wire mode.
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2 Wire to 4 wire operation

The EX7100 can operate with a 4 wire exchange to 2 wire subscriber link. When the M wire at the exchange is grounded, line ringing is applied to the subscriber end. When the customer picks up the receiver, the ringing is tripped thus looping the line. The E wire at the exchange end is then grounded and the audio path is opened
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Data networks
Module 6.
Interface available
The following choices are available for the 64 kbps data interface.
ITU-T G.703
75 Unbalanced (Tx & Rx 75 BNC Connection) 120 Balanced (DB15 Connection)
Synchronous Data
V.35 Other interfaced available based on V.10/V.11 electrical circuit recommendation.
External Ethernet 10BaseT Option

Network Segmentation: Bridge (layer 2) or Router (Layer 3) Interface requires external power source.
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64 kbps Data Interface

The EX7100 data interface allows the consumer full use of 64 kbps of digital data using various data interface standards.
Allows customers choice of various interfaces. EX7100 appears semi-transparent to external data interfaces. Customers need not re-configure external equipment. DCE to DTE semi-transparency
(Synchronous interfaces require the use of specific cables available from EXICOM). Note: When the six channel version is configured for 64 kbps data, all six voice channels are disabled.
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G.703 (DS-0) interface

The G.703 interface allow the user a choice of either:
G.703 co-directional or G.703 contra-directional.
In addition the co-directional interface connection can be either:

75 Unbalanced (Tx & Rx 75 BNC Connection) 120 Balanced (DB15 Connection)
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Sync data overview

The EX7100 is designed to provide either 6 channel telephony/modem data or 64 kbps Data communications. In particular, the sync data port allows the user to transport full 64 kbps of data using ITU compliant interface. The sync data port provides flexible interface options. Types of interface available are V.35, V.36/V.11 (RS449/422) or V.24 (RS232).
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Sync data - interface

The synchronous data port is a ITU compliant interface for data rates of up to 64 kbps. A 15-way D sub type connector provided the physical interface connections to the external equipment. This interface uses balanced V.11 data and clock circuits and unbalanced V.28 control circuits.
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Data interface settings

The data interface can be set to various protocols depending on the requirement:
G.703 Codir 64kbps (DS-0) co-directional clocking G.703 Contra 64kbps (DS-0) contra-directional clocking Sync Data 64kbps V.35, V.24 or X.21 (V11).
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Sync data Rear panel
CONTROL
SYNC DATA
Synchronous Data Port

LINE INTERFACE
LMS
G.703
I/O
DATA INTERFACE ANT
Back panel synchronous data port
Page 82
Sync data - Functional Description

The external synchronous data is interfaced using U35 (XRT3591) and control signals with U34 (MAX232) transceivers. This provides the correct electrical level for each circuit. The circuits are converted to TTL levels and these are supplied to the FPGA. The FPGA is used to perform all framing functions. These functions are as follows
Transmit/Receive input/output Transmit/Receive slip buffering Transmit/Receive Scrambling/De-scrambling Transmit/Receive Framing/De-framing
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Sync data Block diagram

MircoController
Framer Control
RS485 Bus G.703 Data Interface
External Interface
Data
To Transmitter
64 kbp/s
FPGA
Framer
68 kbp/s
Modem
External Interface
Sync Data Interface
Data
To Receiver
Page 84
Sync data RTS/CTS operation

The RTS and CTS signals are used to operate the link when in G.703 or sync data mode.
RTS CTS DSR Status linkup Request linkup RTS CTS DSR
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Data clocking
The clock input circuit always uses incoming data clocks signals to sync to. This means the data clock must be sourced, either from the external equipment or looped back from the recovered received (RF Rx) clock. The modem can be clocked by three different clocks;
Recovered input clock (Sync to Rx) clock from VCXO synchronised to input clock Reference clock (Internal Clock) On board 64 kbps reference clock (4.352 MHz 68). Receiver clock Use in telephone mode only
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Data clocking diagram
Page 87
Setting data clocking mode

The EX7100 can be set to various clocking modes depending on the data interface selected.
G.703 Codir Internal reference or Sync to received clock. G.703 Contra Internal reference, Sync to received clock or External sync clock. Sync data Internal reference or Sync to received clock + clock polarities.
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RS232 Module - Interface

The RS232 option provides 6 EIA/TIA 232E compliant interfaces for standard data rates from 75bp/s to 9600bp/s. A 36-way CHAMP type rear panel socket provides the physical interface connections for the six Async channels. This interface provides 2 data circuits TxD & RxD and 2 control circuits DTR & DSR together with a signal ground.
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RS232 module rear panel
CONTROL
SYNC DATA LINE INTERFACE
LMS
G.703
I/O
DATA INTERFACE ANT
RS-232 Interface
Page 90
Configuring RS-232 interface

With the RS-232 option each channel may be configured for either Voice or RS-232 or a combination of both.
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RS232 Interface
Page 92
RS232 application
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RF networks
Module 7.
RF modules
The RF is divided in to various sections:
Receiver Single Conversion Superhetrodyne
Receiver front end Cavity or helical resonator filters with AGC control.
Transmitter 16 QAM with Fractional N synth

Power Amplifier Class AB amplifier with 50dB gain
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Universal RF parameters
Various parameters are available user in the EX7100. Listed are the most common:
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator, used for monitoring the strength of the received signal. Transmit Power output
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VHF/UHF Receiver Modules

Overview
Single Conversion Super Heterodyne design Sensitivity 10-6BER < 102 dBm (1.8uV) @ Rx Input Selectable 5 or 6.25 kHz Synthesiser steps. Choice of VHF or UHF. Various frequency bands between 138 512 MHz.
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VHF Receiver Functions

User interface/software selectable operating frequency. Rx Front-End pre-filters and amplifies the received signal. Also provides protection to the receiver via PIN diode switch. 21.4 MHz IF is mixed with RF. The IF signal is passed through a series of AGC stages before the carrier is detected. The signal is then demodulated and then divided into the I & Q symbols.
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VHF front end Block Diagram
Page 99
VHF Receiver Block diagram
Page 100
UHF Receiver Functions

User interface/software selectable operating frequency. Rx Front-End pre-filters and amplifies the received signal. Feedback protection is provided by an Overload detector. 21.4 MHz IF is mixed with RF. The IF signal is passed through a series of AGC stages before the carrier is detected. The signal is then demodulated and then divided into the I & Q symbols.
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UHF front end Block diagram
Page 102
UHF Receiver Block diagram

R X fro m fro n t en d M 201 T 202 W 101 W 102 ( S o ld e r e d ) A c t iv e T e r m in a t io n 2 C G A N o te: F o r - 8 0 d B m i n p u t A G C 2 3.0V F o r - 6 0 d B M i n p u t A G C 2 0.6V C r y st a l f ilt e r 2 1 .4 M H z FL 201 Q 202 T 203 I D O M F 20 L P T 204 U 201 T 205 U 202
SM B co n n ecto r
VC O
I data RV301 D C o ffse t D em od U 204 RV302 D C o ffse t Q data
U 301A & C
U 302A R V303 Q u a d n u ll U 303A U 305A 16kH z recison P detcor U 304 L og a m p lif ie r A C G o dem
305B U
U 301B& D U 302B
Ireciv reciv Q 102 U 2 1 .4 M H z 6 dB atten uato r X 201 2 1 .4 M H z Q 203 Q 204 M O R P E IC
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Configuring the Receiver

The receivers set frequency can be changed, across the modules band, via the front panel.
Page 104
Changing Rx step sizes

There are 2 synthesiser step sizes are available to the user:
5kHz Common in the USA 6.25kHz Universally used thought-out the rest of the world
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VHF/UHF Transmitter Modules

Overview
Uses Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) scheme. Power level adjustable from 1.25 to 10 Watts in 3dBm steps 25 kHz channel bandwidth. Selectable 5 or 6.25 kHz Synthesiser steps. Choice of VHF or UHF. Various frequency bands between 138 512 MHz.
Page 106
VHF Transmitter Functions

User interface/software selectable operating frequency. I & Q data from the modem is converter into 4 levels (2 x I & 2 x Q components) by introducing DC voltage levels. Frac N Synthesiser and VCO generated a frequency twice that of the operating frequency. The 4-symbol I & Q data is mixed in the QAM modulator with the 2 x RF to produce the operating frequency. The modulated RF is amplified and filtered then passed to the PA (at a nominal level of -15 dBm) for additional amplification. Microcontroller on the transmitter module provides control, metering, and RF information for the transmitter, PA, and Receiver/Receiver Front End.
Page 107
VHF Transmitter Block diagram
Page 108
UHF Transmitter Functions

User interface/software selectable operating frequency. I & Q data from the modem is converter into 4 levels (2 x I & 2 x Q components) by introducing DC voltage levels. The 4-symbol I & Q data is mixed in the QAM modulator with the 130 MHz Local Oscillator (IF). Operating frequency is produced by mixing the IF (130 MHz) with the VCO generated frequency (RF + 130 MHz). The modulated RF is amplified and filtered then passed to the PA (at a nominal level of -15 dBm) for additional amplification. Microcontroller on the transmitter module provides control, metering, and RF information for the transmitter, PA, and Receiver/Receiver Front End.
Page 109
UHF Transmitter Block diagram
Page 110
Configuring the Transmitter

The transmitters set frequency can be changed, across the modules band, via the front panel.
If the transmitters is frequency is changed by greater than 100kHz it will be necessary to return the duplexer.
Page 111
RF Power Amplifier Module

Overview
Maximum 10 Watts (PEP) output at antenna port. High efficient linear Class AB operation mode Choice of VHF or UHF. Microprocessor controlled active forced air-cooling system (10 Watt system only).
Page 112
RF Power Amplifier Functions

User interface/software selectable power output. Class AB operation using MOSFET high gain transistors. VSWR Bridge used to detect forward and reverse RF power. Heatsink mounted temperature sensor detects and controls the operation of the two fans. If temperature is between 46C and 60C one fan will turn on. The other will only operate is the temperature rises above 55C. Note: The life of the fans is improved by automatic cycling every two days.
Page 113
PA Block diagram
Page 114
Peak Envelope Power

The complex waveform used in Quadrature Amplitude Modulation system means that the instantaneous power at any in-band frequency can vary considerably. This difference in power between the peak and average values can be broken down into two different components.
Variation in power due to the basic modulation scheme. Effect of filtering the signal.
Page 115
Peak Envelope Power Contd

16 QAM modulation scheme for the EX7100 gives a peak to average power ratio factor of 2.55. The roll off filtering for the EX7100 gives a peak to average power ratio factor of 4.7 dB. Therefore the total value of peak to average power ratio is 2.55 + 4.7 dB = 7.25 dB.
If using a Linear Bird Wattmeter the measured power will be 7.25 dB lower than the actual PEP.
Page 116
Sensitivity - BER vs. SINAD
Sensitivity indicates the Minimum Discernible Signal (MDS) that the receiver can detect i.e. Noise floor. SINAD (Signal + Noise and Distortion) is the common sensitivity measurement associated with Analogue FM receivers. The MDS is commonly measured at the 12dB SINAD point. This corresponds to a 4:1 Signal / Noise ratio. Bit Error Ratio (BER) is used to measure sensitivity in a Digital radio system. BER is defines as the ratio of erroneous bits in a transmitted or received Binary stream. BER is normally expressed as a coefficient and to the power of base 10; for example, 2.5 erroneous bits out of 100,000 bits transmitted would be 2.5 out of 105 or 2.5 10-5.
Page 117
Installation and commissioning

Module 8.
Networking
There are two aspect of the network that must be considered when installing the EX7100.
Telephony or Data Networking Radio Networking.
Page 119
Initial link up
To initially test the integrity of the link set the terminal to 100% mode. This will activate the transmitter and set-up the link.
Page 120
Controlling the remote terminal

The remote terminal can be controlled and parameters changed or monitored from the local terminal.
Page 121
Antenna align mode

The antenna can be roughly aligned using the antenna align mode. This will de-activate the local transmitter while activating the remote transmitter.
Page 122
Loopbacks
Both voice or data channels can be tested by using loopbacks. Two types are available:
Local loopback the loopback is controlled within the local terminal. Typically used when checking cabling or setting between terminal and user equipment. Remote loopback the loopback is controlled within the remote terminal. Typically used to check data or voice integrity across the link.
Page 123
Enabling data loopbacks

Any of the three data interface types can be loopbacked.
Page 124
Enabling voice loopback

Individual or all voice channels loopbacks can be enabled.
OR
Page 125
Site and system planning

Module 9.
Introduction
The overall link reliability and BER performance can be affected depending on the quality of the system planning. It is therefore important to take time to plan the site and RF path carefully. The following will help in calculating the suitability of the RF path
Page 127
System Planning
Radio telecommunications systems such as the EX7100 uses the atmosphere as transmission medium between transmitter and receiver. They do so by the propagation of radio waves. Because of this, system performance is affected by the interaction of waves with the earths surface and it atmosphere .
Page 128
Propagation of radio waves

Propagation effects of interest in digital VHF/UHF radio systems are: Free space attenuation Reflection from objects on the earths surface (e.g. Mountains, building) Diffraction by objects on the earths surface (e.g. Mountains, buildings Refraction by the earths surface and atmosphere.
Page 129
Types of losses

Free space loss Diffraction or obstruction loss Transmission feeder loss
Page 130
Signal attenuation
Is the loss or attenuation of signal between the transmitter and receiver Signal path loss (dB) = Free space loss (dB) + Diffraction loss (dB)
Page 131
Free-space loss

Free space loss is determined solely by distance and frequency. It is the measure of attenuated signal strength due to the unobstructed distance between a transmitter and receiver. Conform to Inverse square law i.e. If the distance is doubled the signal will only be one quarter of the signal available at the receiver
Loss = Or Loss = Power output (W) Power received (W) (power output in dB) (power received in dB)
Page 132
Free-space loss calculation

The Free Space Loss is predictable and given by the following formula:
FSL(dB)
= 32.45 + 20Log10F(MHz) + 20Log10D(km)
The Free Space Loss at 10km using a 450 MHz system is: FSL(dB) = 32.45 + 20Log10(450) + 20Log10(10) = 32.45 + 53.06 + 20 = 100.05 dB
Page 133
Diffraction loss
Diffraction or obstruction loss is dependant on the terrain between two antennas. Losses depend on the frequency and the composition of the obstruction Losses can also be from the surface of the earth.
Loss = d1 x d2 d1 + d2
Where d1 and d2 are the distance between the two end points and the centre of obstacle projected on the base line
Page 134
Transmission feeder loss
Transmission feeder loss is dependant on: The quality of the cable and connectors The length of cable The frequency
It is important to choose good quality cable and connectors to reduce the losses.
Page 135
Link performance prediction
By determining the path loss and the losses and gains in the cable and at the antenna, it is possible to predict a signal-tonoise ratio at the input to the Duplexer of the receiving terminal. Higher accuracy can be obtained by using path profiling software such as pathloss.
Page 136
Typical path profile

900 800
700
600 Elevation (m)
500
400
300
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Path l ength (46.33 km) Frequency (MHz) = 420.0 K = 1.33 %F1 = 60.00 EXICOM T echnologies Ltd. 30 35 40 45
Paparoa Latitude 42 24 19.44 S Longitude 171 20 35.37 E Azi muth 220.05 El evation 822 m ASL Antenna CL 8.0 m AGL
Hokitika Latitude 42 43 26.74 S Longi tude 170 58 45.11 E Azimuth 40.29 Elevation 6 m ASL Antenna CL 20.0 m AGL
Page 137
Link budget
The EX7100 requires a receive signal level of better than 98dBm to ensure BER performance of 1x10-6 however this does not allow for any fade margin. Typically it is recommended to allow a 20dB (or better) fade margin in the link budget calculation which will safely provide better than 99.99% link availability.
Page 138
Improving transmission levels

In marginal conditions there are a number of steps that can be taken to improve transmission levels.
Adjust antenna height, Use higher gain antennas, Use dual-stacked antennas, Reduce other losses e.g. low loss cable, Increase transmit RF power, Install a repeater
Page 139
Radiated power
In a wireless system, antennas are used to convert electrical waves into electromagnetic waves. The amount of energy the antenna can boost the sent and received signal by is referred to as the antennas Gain. Antenna gain is measured in:
1. dBi: relative to an isotropic radiator 2. dBd: relative to a dipole radiator 0 dBd = 2.15 dBi
Page 140
Radiated power - measured

Some radio authorities set guidelines that must be met in terms of the amount of energy radiated out of an antenna. This energy can be measured in one of two ways:
1. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) measured in dBm = power at antenna input [dBm] + relative antenna gain [dBi]
2. Effective Radiated Power (ERP) measured in dBm = power at antenna input [dBm] + relative antenna gain [dBd]
Page 141
Energy losses
In all wireless communication systems there are several factors that contribute to the loss of signal strength. Cabling, connectors, lightning arrestors can all impact the performance of your system if not installed properly. In a low power system every dB you can save is important!! Remember the 3 dB Rule.
For every 3 dB gain/loss you will either double your power (gain) or lose half your power (loss).
Page 142
3dB Rule
-3 dB = 1/2 power -6 dB = 1/4 power +3 dB = 2x power +6 dB = 4x power Sources of loss in a wireless system: free space, cables, connectors, jumpers, obstructions
Page 143
System gain/losses
Radio
Radio
GAIN Radio
LOSS Cable Connectors etc
GAIN Antenna
LOSS Free Space Fresnel
GAIN Antenna
LOSS Cable Connectors etc
GAIN Radio
Page 144
Path propagation
As the signal leaves the antenna it propagates, or disperses, into space. The antenna selection will determine how much propagation will occur. It is relatively important to ensure that a path (or tunnel) between the two antennas is clear of any obstructions. Should the propagating signal encounter any obstructions in the path, signal degradation will occur.
Trees, buildings, power poles, and towers are common examples of path obstructions.
Page 145
Why line of site is not enough

While line of site is important it is not the only constraint to good RF path. Direct RF waves will travel in straight line from transmitter to receiver however there are other waves travelling out from this direct wave. These indirect waves will carry on indefinitely if there is no obstruction. But if the RF wave deflects of an obstacle then the signal will be received out-of-phase to the direct RF wave causing a reduction in received power (attenuation). The magnitude of the phase cancelling effect is a function of the signal strength and how out of phase the signal is.
Page 146
Phase cancellation
In 1821 Fresnel discovered a mathematical formula for calculating this effect. This formula is based on ellipsoidal zones know as Fresnel Zones. The zones are always described in terms of angles; therefore in Zone 1 the signal will be out-of-phase by 0 to 90, Zone 2 out-ofphase by 90 to 270, Zone 3 by 270 to 450 and so on.
Page 147
Fresnel Zone
Page 148
Fresnel zone boundary

Radius of n th Fresnel Zone given by:
Site A
rn d1
Site B
Fresnel Zone diameter depends upon Frequency and Distances from the sites along axis For minimum Diffraction Loss, clearance of at least 0.6F1+ 3m is required
d2
Page 149
Site considerations
Module 10.
Site considerations
A number of factors need to be considered when choosing and commission a site.
Tower construction and height Type of antennas and gain Polarity of antenna Type of cable Lightning protection
Page 151
Site safety
Never place an antenna/tower over or near a power line Check the advantages but also drawbacks of each tower design Secure the access to the tower (create a safety perimeter, shield the base to prevent climbing, protect guy anchors) Ground the antenna, the tower and install a lightning protection.
Page 152
Tower selection
Typically there are 3 types of tower constructions:
1. Self-supporting triangular suitable for heights up to 150 meters 2. Guyed triangular section suitable for heights up to 300 meters 3. Guyed tubular masts suitable for heights up to 30 meters
Page 153
Tower
Factors to consider before installing a tower/antenna:
The tower must be capable of safely handling the antenna load as well as environmental loads e.g. wind loading, snow loading etc. If guy wires are used, allow sufficient space for the guy anchoring point. Typically 60% to 80% of the tower height in distance from the base of the tower. Ensure that the footings are designed around the soil conditions at the site. Ensure the installation of the tower and/or antenna complies with the authority regulations.
Page 154
Antenna types
There are many different types of antennas available today but they most fall into two categories:
Directional:
Yagi - Uda Typically uses a wave dipole with multiple elements, forward and rear of the dipole. Log periodic Can cover wide bandwidths with fairly constant gain. The elements spacing and lengths increase logarithmically from end to end.
Omi-directional Receives and transmits in all directions.
Page 155
Vertical or Horizontal polarisation

Some advantages can be gained but choosing the correct antenna polarisation. However the polarisation method which is chosen will depend on various factors: Type of path the signal will travel over. Typically if the signal is to travel over water then vertical polarisation should be chosen. Higher signals levels can be achieved on shorter paths by using horizontal polarisation. Typically interference from ignition noise etc. is lower with horizontal polarisation. Local authorities regulations and type of licence used.
Page 156
Antenna Beam Tilt and Fill

Antennas mounted on very high towers may need to take into account beam tilt. Beam tilt is needed when a radiating signal's vertical beamwidth is narrowed (by using high-gain antennas), and the areas near the tower location lose service because most of the signal is wasted by broadcasting into open air. The beam must be tilted either mechanically or electrically to steer the signal back into its proper location. Mechanical beam tilting is relatively easy. The antenna can be mounted slightly less than 90 degrees from the horizontal plane so the tilted beam illuminates the desired service area. However, in the opposite direction, the signal will be pointed toward the sky, reducing the effective service area in that direction of the antenna. If the signal needs to be "bent" downward in all directions around the antenna site, an electrical tilting method must be used. This is commonly referred to as "null fill". Electrical tilting is produced by controlling the current phase in the antenna itself. Thus, must be done during the antenna's design stages by an engineer with expensive equipment.
Page 157
Transmission line
Generally all transmission lines used in VHF / UHF installations should be unbalanced coaxial cable. The choice will depend on two factors - frequency and length from radio to antenna. Another consideration is the low VSWR which should be 1:2.1 or better. Insertion loss is also an important parameter. It is usually specified in dB/foot and is a linear relationship. Therefore, if the specified insertion loss is 8 dB/100 feet, a 20 foot length would have-an insertion loss of about 1.6 dB. Insertion loss also increases with frequency as the square root of the increase. Hence if the frequency is doubled, the insertion loss increases by 40% and will double for a 4 times increase in frequency.
Page 158
Transmission line comparisons
Type
RG58 RG8/RG213 Belden 9913 Times LMR400 1/2" Alum. 1/2" Heliax 7/8" Heliax * Typical at 1 GHz.
Frequency MHz
0-3000 0-3000 0-1000 0-2000 0-3000 0-8000 0-5000
Power* Watts
45 190 275 350 650 900 2,000
Loss dB per 100 ft

15-20 9-10 4-5 3.5-4 3-3.5 2-2.5 1.25-1.5
Diameter inches
0.2" 0.4" 0.4" 0.4" 0.6" 0.6" 1.0"
Rel. cost
low moderate moderate moderate moderate high high
Page 159
Surge arrestors
It is imperative that the equipment is protected from high voltage transients such as lightning strikes. Transients can reach the equipment from typically three sources: Antenna or tower installation Telephone cabling AC mains (power lines)
Page 160
Surge arrestor types

Many different surge or lightning arrestors can be employed to protect the equipment. Below are listed some standard types: Coaxial surge protectors Comprise of a gas arrestor housed in a protective casing. Typical max surge rating 20kA Quarterwave stub protectors Protects by using a quarterwave stub between the centre conductor and shield designed to pass RF frequencies but prevents lower transient frequencies. Typical max surge rating 40kA.
Page 161
Electro static discharge (ESD)

Module 11.
What is ESD?
Electrostatic Discharge is the sudden discharge of electrons from one surface to another. This happens when one surface builds up more positive or negative electrons than the other, causing an imbalance between the two. Once the differential is sufficiently high enough to break down the dielectric strength between the two surfaces, the electrons will move from the positive to the negative potential.
Page 163
ESD - Defects
There are two types of ESD sensitive component defects.
1. Latent defect 2. Catastrophic defect.
Figure 1. Punctured Barrier Junction after ESD test at 4000V
Page 164
ESD - Human awareness levels

Discharge felt if Discharge heard if Discharge seen if < 3500 Volts < 5000 Volts < 8000 Volts
Page 165
ESD - Typical Discharge Voltages
Event 10% Walking across carpet Walking across vinyl floor Movement not grounded Removing bubble wrap 35,000 12,000 6,000 25,000
Voltages at RH 40% 15,000 5,000 800 20,000 55% 7,500 3,000 400 7,000
Page 166
ESD - Device Sensitivity

Device Type MOSFET VMOS NMOS GaAsFET EPROM CMOS JFET SAW Op-AMP Schottky Diodes Film Resistors Bipolar Resistors ECL SCR Schottky TTL Threshold Susceptive (Volts) 10 100 30 1800 60 100 60 2000 100 + 200 3000 140 7000 150 500 190 2500 300 2500 300 3000 300 7000 500 + 500 1000 500 2500
Page 167
ESD
What can you do to reduce the risk of static damage?
1. Work only on static controlled surface 2. Always use a verified wrist strap connected to the common earth ground 3. Use the correct static shielded bag for transportation.
Page 168
ESD Typical ESD workstation
Page 169
Diagnostics, maintenance and fault finding

Module 12.
Basic operational checks - PSU

Main power supply
Check that the output voltages are present. This can be done either from the front panel, assuming the front panel is alive, or by measuring on each fuse.
TB 1 RV302 RV301 SK301 SK205 F3 F6 F5 F4 F2 P L1 SK6
F1
SK203
Page 171
Basic operational checks - Controller

Controller / Modem
For correct operation:
With terminal transmitting into a dummy load, and no received signal: D501 (modem DC power) should be on. D8 (framer synchronisation) should be on. D100, D101, D102 (training sequence) should all be off. D103 (modem reset) will flash briefly at approx 8 second intervals. D9 (data errors) may or may not flash.
With an RF signal from a sig gen into receiver:

D100 will turn on, but will reset after 8 seconds.
With correct signal (from other terminal) into receiver:

D100, D101, D102 will turn on sequentially. Front panel Rx lock LED will light indicating modem lock.
Page 172
Basic operational checks - Controller

P L2 P L3 D9 U5 U20 D8 U9 D501 P L4 U103 D100 D101 D102 D103 P L502
U21
U22
P L9
P L8
Page 173
Basic operational checks Receiver

Receiver
For correct operation:
Check VCO Loop volts. This can be viewed from the front panel and should be between 0.5V and 4.7V. Check VCO output. This should be RF+21.4MHz at a level of approx 10dBm. Send a carrier on the receive frequency at a level of 80 dBm. Look at the I and Q reference points on the rear panel control port. There should be an output voltage of approx 3 volts peak to peak.
Page 174
Basic operational checks Receiver

TP 4 0 1 LO OP V
CV501
RV301 RV303
RV302
T2 0 2 X401 RV401 CV401 P L401 LO TE S T
RV201 P L20 2 IF M O D T2 0 7 T20 6
VHF Receiver
P L102
T20 5 CV201
P L101
W 101 R F IN RV401
P L103
T2 0 3
T2 0 4
CV101
LO Out
RV301 9 .6 M H z R E F RV303
LOO P V T2 0 2
RV302 RV201 P L202 IF M O D T2 0 5 W 102 W 101 R F IN T20 3 T2 0 4 T2 0 7 T2 0 6 CV201
UHF Receiver
P L102
P L101
PL104
P L103
Page 175
Basic operational checks Front-end

Front end
Disconnect RF cable to main receiver board. Front End module should have approx. 20 dB gain
SK101 CV103 CV102 CV101 FL101 R F In PL101 RV101

FL103 FL101 SK102 RF Out FL102 P L101
L109
L110
L111
L112
L113
SK102 RF Out
SK101 R F In
VHF Front-end
UHF Front-end
Page 176
Basic operational checks - Transmitter

Transmitter
Check VCO Loop volts. This can be viewed from the front panel and should be between 0.5V and 4.7V Check VCO output. This should be RF+130MHz at a level of approx 10dBm. Put the terminal into align mode. There should be a signal at a level of approx -15dBm out of the transmitter.
Page 177
Basic operational checks - Transmitter

P L101 X101 PL104 W 102
P L103
RV501 RV502
P L108
CV401
U201
P L105
P L701 P L106
RV301
SK303 CV301 P L101 10M Hz Ref

R104 D102 FL305 RV201 TP 1 0 1 FL304 RV202
Tx L O O u t
FL303 CV301 CV302
P L104
P L103
260M Hz Out
SK301
P L108
Tx R F out
Page 178
Basic operational checks - PA

Power Amplifier
PA module should give approx 50dB of gain. Note: do not operate PA without terminating into a dummy load.
Page 179
Basic operational checks Subs/Exch

Subscriber and Exchange board
LEDs next to each DSP should either be on or off not flashing. Going off-hook at the subscriber terminal, should cause the corresponding exchange terminal channel LED to light. Sending ringing into the exchange terminal, should cause the corresponding subscriber terminal channel LED to light.
Page 180
Basic operational checks Subs

D600 SW 600 D500 P L2 SW 500
P L4 D400 SW 400
U921
U931
D300 P L905 P L903
SW 300
P L1
U911
U941
P L3
D200
SW 200
U900 U961 U951
U700
D100 P L904 P L902
SW 100
Page 181
Basic operational checks Exch

C h 6 C O IC D600
U700
P L2 P L500 C h 5 C O IC D400 D500 C h 4 C O IC
U921
U931 P L903 D200 P L300 C h 3 C O IC D300 C h 2 C O IC U900
P L1
U911
U941
U961
U951
P L902
D100
C h 1 C O IC
P L100
Page 182
Basic operational checks Iso PSU

Isolated power supply
Check that voltages are present on input and output connectors.
Page 183
Constellation patterns
Page 184
Constellation patterns contd
Page 185
Alarm status
Various alarms conditions are monitored and logged.
VSWR alarm TX Power drop Low RSSI Synth Loss PA Temperature RF EEPROM Fail BER Modem Lock I/P Volts fault Int. Rail fault
Page 186
Alarm priorities
The alarm priorities can be set to display activations on either local or local and remote terminals.
Page 187
PSU monitoring
All internal and external voltage rails are monitored as well as input current.
Page 188
System alignment
Module 13.
Duplexer tuning
If the customer (Tx or Rx) frequency is changed by more than 50kHz the duplexer must be retuned to maintain correct insertion and isolation loss. Two types of duplexer set ups are employed in the EX7100: VHF Duplexer uses a single 6 cavity band pass duplex filter. UHF Duplexer comprises of a 4 cavity band pass duplex filter, a band pass, band reject filter and a band reject, band pass filter.
Page 190
Duplexer tuning requirements

As a digital radio is susceptible to unwanted RF signal it is crucial to adjust the duplexer correctly:
Measurement Transmission: Dynamic range & Isolation Return loss Insertion loss
Preferred Capability 95dB 30dB 2dB
Minimum Capability 80dB 20dB 2.5dB
Page 191
Duplexer plots duplex filter
Duplexer filter high pass
Duplexer filter low pass
Page 192
Duplexer plots BPBR / BRBP filters
Band pass band reject filter
Band reject, band pass filter
Page 193
Duplexer plots low pass / high pass
Low pass combined filter
High pass combined filter
Page 194
Transmitter tuning
The transmitter must be retuned if the customers frequency is changed by more than:
VHF tuning range - 1.0MHz UHF tuning range - 3.0MHz
Page 195
Transmitter PCB
P L101 X101 P L104 W 102 P L103
RV501 RV502
P L108
CV401
U201
P L105
P L701 P L106
RV301
SK303 CV301 P L101 10M Hz Ref

R104 D102 FL305 RV201 TP 1 0 1 FL304 RV202
Tx L O O u t
FL303 CV301 CV302
P L104
P L103
260M Hz Out
SK301
P L108
Tx R F o ut
Page 196
Transmitter filter plot
Page 197
Receiver front end tuning

The receiver front end must be retuned if the customers frequency is changed by more than:
VHF tuning range - 1.0MHz UHF tuning range - 3.0MHz
Page 198
Front end PCB
SK101 CV103 CV102 CV101 FL101 R F In P L101 RV101
L109
L110
L111
L112
L113
SK102 RF Out
SK102 RF Out FL102 P L101
FL103
FL101
SK101 R F In
Page 199
Front-end filter plot
Page 200
Repeater systems
Module 14.
Repeater configuration
The EX7100 can be configured as a full duplex repeater to enable the link to operate over greater distances or over difficult terrain. The repeater is made up of two back to back EX7100 terminals configured as G.703 data channels. To enable the remote monitoring across the entire link a link must be made between the control port on both terminals.
CONTROL
SYNC DATA LINE INTERFACE
LMS
G.703
Control port
I/O DATA INTERFACE ANT
Page 202
Software configuration
Both terminals must be configured as G.703 data terminals:
Interface Tx data clock: Link ID: Codir G.703 Sync to Rx Both terminals must be set to the same ID as the remote terminal.
Operating mode: Repeater 100% or Repeater on-demand
Page 203
Practical activity
Module 15.
Practical activity
Objective: Retune tune the EX7100 3MHz form the set frequency and configure to G.703 (DS-0) data mode. Required material:
2 EX7100 PSU Data analysers Spectrum analyser with tracking generator Misc. cables System training manual
Page 205
Duplexer specifications
Fill out the table below with the measured duplexer results
Measurement Transmission: Dynamic range & Isolation Return loss Insertion loss
Your measurement
Minimum Capability 80dB 20dB 2.5dB
Page 206
Software settings
Fill out the spaces below with the steps involved in changing the software.
Page 207
Software settings contd

Page 208
Software settings contd

Page 209

EX7100 Training Course - Master Version 1 - 0

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Version 1.0, October 2005

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EXICOM today Contd

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Product features Contd

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Module description and specifications

System block diagram

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System Hardware Contd

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System Hardware Contd

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Frequency Selection 5 or 6.25 kHz 50 N type female connector at antenna port

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Specifications Data Channel

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Specifications Voice Channels

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Power supply options

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Getting started system software

EX7100 front panel

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User interface keys

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System time / date

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System operating mode

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Changing critical parameter

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