BY MIA AMALIAH GESTY VRISKA S. RIRI RISMAYANTINI MUH. FAJRITS TS.

British Parliamentary debating is four teams of two persons each engage one another through a series of seven-minute speeches interspersed by points of information. The teams from each side attempt to maintain loyalty with one another while simultaneously demonstrating the unique qualities of their own arguments.

Closing Gov. OpeningGov.

Set up in a British Parliamentary Format of Debate

SPEAKER / CHAIRPERSON

Audience

Clossing Opp. Opening Opp.

Consist of four teams of two members, a chair person, and a an adjudicator. Teams will consist of the following members Opening Government Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister Closing Government Member for the Government Government Whip

Opening Opposition Leader of Opposition Deputy Leader of Opposition Closing Opposition

Member for the Opposition Opposition Whip Member will deliver a substantive speech of seven minutes duration and should offer points of information while members of the opposing teams are speaking.

Speaker Prime Minister 1st speaker for 1st proposition: Leader of Opposition 1st speaker for 1st opposition: Deputy Prime Minister 2nd speaker for 1st proposition: Deputy Leader of Opposition 2nd speaker for 1st opposition: Member of Government 1st speaker for 2nd proposition: Member of Opposition 1st speaker for 2nd opposition: Government Whip 2nd speaker for 2nd proposition: Opposition Whip 2nd speaker for 2nd opposition:

Time 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes

Here are the format of timing of the speeches: Speeches should be seven minutes in duration(this should be signaled by two strikes of the gavel). Speeches over seven minutes and 15 seconds may be penalized. POI may only be offered between the first minute mark and the six minute mark of the speech. It is the duty of the Speaker of the House to time speeches. In the absence of the Speaker of the House, it is the duty of the Chair of the Adjudication panel to ensure that speeches are timed.

Opening Government Team (OG)

First

Speaker (Prime Minister) Define the motion Outline the case he and his partner will put forward and explain which speaker will deal with which arguments Develop his own arguments, which should be separated into two or three main points.

Opening Government Team (OG)

Second

Speaker (Deputy of Prime Minister)

Recap the team line Rebut the response made by the Leader of Opposition to his partners speech Rebut the Leader of Oppositions main argument Develop his own arguments-separated into two or three main points Finish with a summary of the whole team case.

 Opening

Opposition Team (OO)

First

Speaker (Leader of Opposition)

Respond to the definition if it is unfair or makes no link to the motion. You can offer an alternative interpretation of the motion, e.g. well this is a silly definition but were going to debate it and beat you on it anyway Rebut the Prime Ministers speech Outline the case he and his partner will put forward and explain which speaker will deal with which arguments Offer additional arguments (roughly 2) about why the policy is a bad idea or develop a counter case (i.e. an alternative proposal)

 Opening

Opposition Team (OO)

Second Speaker ( Deputy Leader of Opposition) Rebut the speech of second proposition speaker. Offer some more arguments to support your partners approach to the motion Summarize the case for your team, including your own and your partners arguments.

Closing Government Team (CG)

First

Speaker ( Member of Government)

Extend the debate into a new area (i.e. this debate has so far focused on the developed world, and now our team will extend that to look at the important benefits for the developing world) Introduce a couple of new arguments that make the case on his side more persuasive. Offer some more arguments to support your partners approach to the motion Summarize the case for your team, including your own and your partners arguments.

Closing Government Team (CG)

Second

Speaker (Government

Whip)
The last speech of the debate is known as a Summary Speech. In it you should step back and look at the debate as a whole and explain why all the areas you have argued your side has won. You can :
1.

Go through the debate chronologically (this is not very advanced and usually not vey persuasive) Go through one sides case and then the other

2. 3.

Go through the debate according to the main points of contention. Explain why on each of the main issues that have been debated have been won by your side.

Closing Opposition Team (CO)

First

Speaker (Member of opposition)

You must rebut the new analysis of the third proposition speaker (member of government) You must also bring an extension to the debate i.e. extend the debate into a new area or bring a couple of new arguments to the debate

This is very similar to the second government role.

1.

2.

Closing Opposition Team (CO)

Second

Speaker (Opposition

Whip)
Like the government whip, the last opposition speaker must devote their whole speech to a summing up and should not introduce new material.

Every debate has a motion; that is the issue for discussion. A good motion has clear arguments in favor of it and against it. The motion should be unambiguously worded.
Examples:

This house believes that priests should be allowed to marry. THBT the government should stop funding research searching for the gene for autism. This House would abolish the MMDA. THW end the conservation of indigenous lands.

One of the most difficult skills in debating is preparing cases (i.e. First preparation). Many teams find it difficult to come up with good case statement and supporting arguments in the 15 minutes that most tournaments allot for preparation time. In the case building, members are permitted to use printed or written material. Printed material includes books, journals, newspapers, and other similar materials. The use of electronic equipment is prohibited during preparation and in the debate.

POI should be offered by members of the opposite side only, begin from first minute to six minute. Duration: 15 seconds only Purposes: to clarify; to destruct; to debunk; to introduce potential arguments You offer a POI by standing and saying points of information or poi You should aim to offer one point of information every minute during someone elses speech. Speakers may accept or decline the POI in any way they like; the simplest is by saying yes please or no thank you. You should aim to accept two POI during a five minute speech. POI should be quick and to the point (no more than about fifteen second). They should offer a new piece POI to explain why what the speaker is saying at the time is wrong.

 There

are a number of ways of dealing with

POI:

Dismiss them briefly and then get on with your speech (if it was a stupid point) Answer them more fully and merge your answer into what you were going to say next. Say that you are planning to deal with point later on in your speech and carry on where you were. If you do this, you absolutely MUST make it utterly explicit when you refute the point later. You must not use as a ducking tactic since adjudicators will notice.

 The

Role of the adjudicator the adjudicator must:

Confer upon discuss the debate with the other adjudicators; Determine the rankings of the teams; Determine the team grades; Determine the speaker marks; Provide a verbal adjudication to the members Complete any documentation required by the tournament.

a) b) c) d)

e)
f)

 The

adjudication panel should attempt to agree on the adjudication of the debate. Adjudicators should therefore confer in a spirit cooperation and mutual respect. Adjudicators should acknowledge that adjudicators on a panel may form different or opposite views of the debate. Adjudicators should therefore attempt to base their conclusion on these rules in order to limit subjectivity and to provide a consistent approach to the assessment of debates.

Ranking teams
First placed teams should be awarded three points, second placed teams should be awarded two points, third placed teams should be awarded one point and fourth placed teams should be awarded zero point. Team may receive zero points where they fail to arrive at the debate more than five minutes after the scheduled time for debate, the member has harassed another debater on the basis of religion, sex, race, color, nationality, sexual preference or disability. Adjudicators should confer upon team ranking. When an unanimous decision cannot be reached after conferral, the decision of the majority will determine the rankings. Where a majority decision cannot be reached, the Chair of the panel of adjudicator will determine the rankings.

Grade the teams

Teams grades and marks should be given the following interpretation Grade Marks Meaning A 180-200
Excellent to flawless. The teams has many strength and few, if any, weaknesses Above average to very good. The team has clear strength and some minor weaknesses Average. The team has strength and weaknesses in roughly equal proportions Poor to below average. The teams has clear problems and some minor strengths. Very poor. The team has fundamental weaknesses and few, if any, strengths

160-179

140-159

D E

120-139 100-119

Marking the members

Individual members marks should be given the following interpretation Marks 90-100 Meaning
Excellent to flawless. This speaker has many strength and few, if any, weaknesses Above average to very good. This speaker has clear strength and some minor weaknesses Average. The speaker has strength and weaknesses in roughly equal proportions Poor to below average. The speaker has clear problems and some minor strengths. Very poor. The speaker has fundamental weaknesses and few, if any, strengths

Grade A

80-89

70-79

D E

160-69 50-59

Verbal adjudications
The verbal adjudication should be delivered by the Chair of the adjudication panel, or where the Chair dissents, by a member of the adjudication panel nominated by the Chair of the panel. The verbal adjudicator should : Identify the order in which the teams were ranked Explain the reason for the rankings of team, ensuring that each team is referred to in this explanation; and Provide constructive comments to individual members where the adjudication panel believes this is necessary. The verbal adjudicator should not exceed 10 minutes The members must not harass the adjudicators following the verbal adjudication The members may approach an adjudicators for further clarification following the verbal adjudication; these inquires must at all times be polite and non-confrontational.

Adjudication Criteria

10 vital components of a successful speech. 1. Argument A successful speaker will always have a clear argument which is continuously upon the adjudicators in convincing fashion 2. Content Content should be relevant, interesting and ideally, innovative. 3. Fluency A good speech must be delivered fluently with minimal use of notes. A fluent speaker will be more persuasive as he/she will appear to be more convinced of the truth of what they are saying 4. Refutation / rebuttal It is critical to undermine the arguments of opposing speakers and this should be into your own speech. 5. Humor Humor can help you to win over an audience and can make your speech stand out from the rest

6.

Style and presentation it includes conviction, humor, presence, gesture, tone, eye contact, a clear and audible delivery, and freedom from notes. 7. Points of Information (POI) A speaker is not obliged to accept POI but it is recommended that speakers accept 2 or 3 points during a speech 8. Teamwork A successful team will have a coherent argument which unifies both of their speeches. 9. Individual Speakers The individual speakers are sandwiched in the middle of the debate, and the principal arguments will typically have been made by the first speaker on each of the teams. 10. Order of Speaking The later a speaker is on an order paper, the greater the responsibility to refute arguments already made, and the lesser the responsibility to introduce new material.