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Principle of Sealing
Thin liquid film between a rotary and stationary face. One soft face and one hard face rotating against each other No interuption in liquid film No gas phase to prevent face contact No solid particles to damage seal face
Mechanical seal
The function of mechanical seal is to permit a rotating shaft to penetrate an enclosure while maintaining separation of the environments on the inside and outside of the enclosure.
primary Ring Snap Ring O Ring Disc Spring Retainer Mating Ring O Ring (Static Seal)
Set Screw
Dynamic Seal Faces
Chemical and physical properties of sealing fluid. Corrosiveness Density and viscosity Vapor pressure and B.P. Seal cavity pressure Seal cavity temperature. Equipment design and Installation. Material of concentration.
Single
multiple
Inside
outside
tandem
staged
By design
Balanced
Multiple Spring
Flexible Stator
Face on stator
housing
fluid
housing
Pusher seal
Dynamic O ring at the rotating seal face O ring moves axially along the shaft to compensate for miss alignment and face wear Can be used for very high pressure application ( 3000 psi) In corrosive service, constant relative motion wears away oxide layer of the shaft or sleeve material, causing fretting corrosion Hang up- where sealed fluid can oxidize, the normal seal weepage can build under the seal faces and prevent forward movement
Has a static O ring in the drive collar of the rotating seal face unit No fretting corrosion and seal face hang up. Welded metal bellows limits pressure to 250 psig.
Unbalanced seals
Pressure limitation 10 bar Plain shaft is used. Comparatively cheaper b=ac/ao >100% (seal balance).
ac
ao
Balanced seals
Pressure 85 bar Stepped shaft is used. Expensive.
b=ac/ao <=100% (seal balance).
ac
ao
Limitation of being applied in services with less than 5% solids. Higher cost and increased space requirements. Can handle severe face misalignment. Used when shaft speed exceeds 5000 fpm (52.4 m/s) When mating ring rotates and the seal head is stationary.
Primary Seal Ring ( stationary) Housing Seal Seat Rotating
Low cost, less axial space, self cleaning due to centrifugal force. Speed limitation up to 4500 fpm. Unable to handle severe face misalignment. Seal rotates and mating ring is stationary
Determined by space limits and liquid sealed. Single - openness of design -non clogging component of the assembly -large dia coils withstand greater degree of corrosion Multiple- shorter axial space -face loading is accomplished by combination of springs.
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