Ship Knowledge

Ship knowledge

Objectives
The lesson aims to train the students on: Basic knowledge of naval architecture.

Knowledge associated with ship performance. Knowledge associated with ship design.

Effective communication skills with emphasis

on writing and oral presentation in English.

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Objectives
What is naval architecture?
Naval architecture is the science of making a ship

fit for purpose.

What is required of a naval architect? A naval architect is an engineer competent in naval architecture.

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Objectives
A naval architect must keep in mind the following:
Main dimensions
Displacement Light weight & dead weight Freeboard Capacities Hull form Trim and stability

Longitudinal strength
Resistance and power Machinery Endurance Outfitting Material costs Economic considerations

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Interrelations of courses
Fluid Mechanics Material mechanics Structural Mechanics ComputerAided Design Ship Hydrostatics Principle of Ship Design

Ship Knowledge

Ship Resistance and Propulsion Ship Maneuvering and Oscillation

Ship Drawing

International Shipping

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Brief Contents
1. Ship types and shipwise 2. Ship form & performance 3. Forces on a ship 4. Ship structure 5. Ship design 6. Ship resistance & propulsion 7. Ship stability 8. The building of a ship 9. Offshore structures

Lecture time (hrs)

4 4 2

4
4 4 4 2 2

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Reference
1. <<Ship Knowledge>>, Klaas van Dokkum,

published by DOKMAR, the Netherlands. 2. <<Introduction to Naval Architecture>>, E.C. Tupper Etc.. 3. <<Ship Design and Construction>>, published
by the society of naval architects and marine engineers. 4. <<Ship Design and Performance>>, Dr. C.B. Barrass. 5. <<Ship Construction>> D.J. Eyres 6. <<Principles of Ship Performance>>, Prof. J. K. Waters.

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Lecture 1. Ship Types and Shipwise

1. Ship types and shipwise
2. Ship design 3. Ship form & performance 4. Forces on a ship 5. Ship structure 6. Ship resistance & propulsion 7. The building of a ship 8. Ship stability 9. Offshore structures In this chapter, different types of ships and their characteristics are introduced. Some pictures of ships are shown. The contents include:

Ships types and important

characteristics for different ships.

Ships terms.

1. Ship types

Introduction to Naval Architecture

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types
(1) Dry cargo

Merchant ship Warship

(2) Liquid cargo

(3) Passengers (4) Work ships (5) Auxiliary craft (6) Pleasure craft

Ships can be categorized into the following by use:

(7) Offshore structures

(8) Navy Vessels

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types (1) Dry cargo
Unit cargo Container vessel Roll-on/roll-off Heavy-cargo vessel

Refrigerated ships
Cattle ship

Bulk cargo
Bulk carrier Ore carrier Multi-purpose ship

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types (2) Liquid cargo Crude carrier Product tanker Chemical tanker

LPG/LNG carriers

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types (3) Passengers Passenger ship Car and passenger ferry Cruise ship

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types (4) Work ships Crane vessels Cable layers Oil-recovery vessels Salvage boat Dredger (Bucket, Grab, Suction, Dipper)

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types

(5) Auxiliary craft Seagoing tugs

Harbor tugs Icebreakers Pilot vessel Coast guard vessels

Research vessels

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types (6) Pleasure craft Moto yachts Sailing yachts

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Lecture 1 Ships type & shipwise

1. Ship types (7) Offshore structures Drilling rigs / Jack-up Drill ships Pipe layers Floating (Production) Storage and Offloading vessel F(P)SO

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types (8) Navy Vessels Aircraft carrier Cruisers Destroyers Frigates Submarines Mine sweepers

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types

Discuss some ship types in detail

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Container ships Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. They form a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport.

Ship knowledge

Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Container ships
Possible cargo

containers (dry, liquid and reefer containers) Capacity is measured in the number of standard TEU or FEU containers a vessel can carry.

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Container ships

TEU/FEU (ISO-stands)
TEU = twenty feet equivalent unit. The size is 20 x 8 x 8 or 6m x 2.4m x 2.4m.

(Actual length is 1.5 shorter.) FEU = forty feet equivalent unit

The size is 40 x 8 x 8 or 12m x 2.4m x 2.4 m.

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Container ships

TEU/FEU (ISO-stands)

TEU Internal capacity 33m3 Weight empty 2.3t Max. payload 21.7t

FEU 68m3 3.8t 26.7t

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Container ships Two types of container vessel: (a) Intercontinental container vessels up to 22,000 TEU (year 2008), (b) Container feeders, starting at 200 TEU.

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Container ships
(a) Intercontinental container vessels The big containers can only go to the largest ports. Large container vessels usually do not have their own loading gear. A number of such ships were built without hatchcovers.

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Container ships
(a) Intercontinental container vessels The big vessels are also classified on the basis of the passage criteria: Panamax ships, with a width less than 32.3m. Seuzmax ships have a maximum draught of 19m. Post Panamax ships (since 1988) Post Seuzmax ships (in the future)

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Container ships
(b) Container feeders Small or medium-size, starting at 200TEU From small ports to large ports and vice versa

Multipurpose ships are often employed as container feeders.

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Bulk carriers
Possible cargo:
coal ore agricultural products like grain

Special design for transporting ore:

Such ships need small holds to be loaded. The holds can not be too low or too closed to the sides of the ship.

Characteristics: Loading by a shooter or via a conveyor belt Discharging by suction pipe or by grabs Large upper and lower ballast tanks

fertilizer
forest product like wood cement light minerals

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Bulk carriers The size of the bulk carries: Handysize, between 10,000 and 30,000 tons deadweight Handymax, between 3500 and 50,000 tons deadweight Panamax, approx. under 80,000 tons deadweight

Capsize, between 80,000 and 160,000 tons deadweight

Bulk carriers
The patterns of hatchcover:
1. pontoon 2. Side rolling

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3. folding
Side rolling hatches, two covers on each hold

1 3

Coastal trade liner with a partially opened hatch

Ship with opened (hydraulic) folding hatch

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types (Bulk carriers)
Hatchcoaming:

Raised above the deck to reduce the risk of flooding

Provide compensation for the loss of strength due to the deck opening

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Roll-on / Roll-off
(a) Ro-Ro car & passenger ferries

Possible cargo:
trucks and lorries passengers cars trains

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types
A small Ro-Ro freighter with vehicles in

Roll-on / Roll-off
(b) Ro-Ro carriers Characteristics: Continuous decks May loses its stability rapidly

the holds and on the main deck

Problems:

Stringent requirements Easily get a list during loading and unloading for safety Equipped with an antiheeling system to keep the ship upright

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Heavy lift ships
Semi-submersible heavy-lift ships Sink till the main deck is sufficiently below the waterline to take large floating objects Pump out the water, the cargo is lifted and sails as one unit

Special requirements for construction

Special requirements for stability Consideration for lashing and securing the cargo

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Lecture 1 Ship types & shipwise

1. Ship types Refrigerated ships (reefers)
Possible cargo: fruit, vegetables

meat, fish
general cargo containers on deck and sometimes on the holds Characteristics: Refrigerated containers having a built-in refrigerating system. Air is used to removed the heat.