Biosensor

Compact analytical device or unit incorporating a biological or biologically derived sensitive recognition element integrated or associated with a physiochemical transducer.
Biological recognition element Differentiate target molecule receptor, enzymes, antibody, DNA, microorganism etc. Transducer Signal processing

Convert biorecognition event to measurable signal 5 types electrochemical optical thermometric piezoelectric magnetic

Electrochemical Biosensor
Most of the biosensors are electrochemical type Better sensitivity, reproducibility, low cost, easy maintenance. Subdivided into potentiometric, amperometric, conductometric Glucose biosensor = mostly enzymatic amperometric biosensor.

Glucose biosensor
Enzyme: glucose oxidase (GOx) GOx will be immobilized onto electrode With cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) GOx will catalyze the oxidation of glucose by oxygen to produce gluctactone and hydrogen peroxides FAD will be reduced to FADH2 and it will be regenerated by reactin with oxygen, leading to the formation of hydrogen peroxides Glucose + GOx + FAD+ -> Glucolactone + GOx + FADH2 GOx + FADH2 + O2 -> GOx + FAD + H2O2

Glucose biosensor
Hydrogen peroxides will be oxidized at Pt/C electrode Number of electron transfer is proportional to the number of glucose molecule Detected amperometry H2O2 -> 2H+ + O2 + 2e