REVIEW

1. fluctuate: flktuet

change frequently 2. auction: kn a public event at which things are sold to the person who offers the most money 3. bid: bd to offer to pay a particular price for something. 4.commodity: km:dti a product or raw material that can be bought or sold 5. estate: stet property in the form of land or building 6. labour: lebr work, especially physical work . 7. evaluate: vljuet to form an opinion of the amount value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully 8. detect: dtekt discover

9. democracy: dm:krsi a system of government in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives. 10. inventory: nvntri a written list of all the objects, furniture in a particular building. 11. track: trk to find somebody/sth by following signs, information that they have left behind them. 12. tailor: telr to make or adapt something for a particular purpose 13. merchandise: ['m:tndaiz] to sell something using advertising 14. glitch: [glit] a small problem or fault that stops something from working successfully. 15. lobby: ['lbi] a group of people who try to influence politicians on a

MATCH THE FOLLOWING WORDS/PHRASES

New words / phrases 1. random 2. transaction theft from shops following what is traditional Definition

3. rival 4. conventional

A company that competes with another

A piece of business that is done between people, especially an act of buying or selling An important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement done, chosen without sb deciding in advance

5. breakthrough

6. shoplifting

Charity trti an organization for helping people in need Pressure group (n) a group of people who try to influence the government and ordinary people's opinions in order to achieve the action they want, for example a change in a law Lobby: lbi (v) to try to influence a politician or the government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law Demonstration: demnstren a public meeting or march at which people show that they are protesting against or supporting somebody/something Petition: ptn a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change something Litigation: lten the process of making or defending a claim in court Boycott: bkt to refuse to buy, use or take part in something as a way of protesting Celebrity: [si'lebriti] slebrti / a famous person

UNIT 12: FINDING A VOICE

UNIT 12: VOCABULARY

Tactic: tktk (n) the particular method you use to achieve something Persuade: prswed (v) to make somebody do something by giving them good reasons for doing it Administration: dmnstren (n) the government of a country, especially the US Subsidy: sbsdi (n) money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low Tariff: trf (n) a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country Barrier: brir (n) a problem, rule or situation that prevents somebody from doing something, or that makes something impossible

Energy-sapping: nng nung ngi (take away your energy) Exploitative: ksplttv (adj) treating somebody unfairly in order to gain an advantage or to make money Bend double To bend at the waist almost fully Condemn kndem (v) to express very strong disapproval of somebody/something, usually for moral reasons Odd (adj) [d] Strange or unusual

Spectacle spektkl (adj) an unusual or surprising sight or situation that attracts a lot of attention Slum slm an area of a city that is very poor and where the houses are dirty and in bad condition Represent reprzent Proportional prprnl of an appropriate size, amount or degree in comparison with something Quota kwot the limited number or amount of people or things that is officially allowed Stir st:r to move, or to make somebody move, in order to do something liberalize ['librlaiz] to make something such as a law or a political or religious system less strict -> liberalization lbrlzen (n) export ksprt (v) to sell and send goods to another country -> export eksp:rt (n)

Charity trti an organization for helping people in need hi t thin Pressure group (n) a group of people who try to influence the government and ordinary people's opinions in order to achieve the action they want, for example a change in a law nhm p lc Lobby: lbi (v) to try to influence a politician or the government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law vn ng hnh lang Demonstration: demnstren a public meeting or march at which people show that they are protesting against or supporting somebody/something cuc biu tnh

UNIT 12: FINDING A VOICE

Petition: ptn a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change something lm n kin ngh mt vic g Litigation: lten the process of making or defending a claim in court s kin tng Boycott: bkt to refuse to buy, use or take part in something as a way of protesting ty chay Celebrity: [si'lebriti] a famous person ngi ni ting

UNIT 12: VOCABULARY

Tactics: tktks (n) particular methods you use to achieve something phng thc c p dng t c iu g Persuade: prswed (v) to make somebody do something by giving them good reasons for doing it thuyt phc Administration: dmnstren (n) the government of a country, especially the US chnh quyn Subsidy: sbsdi (n) money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low tin tr cp Tariff: trf (n) a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country thu Barrier: brir (n) a problem, rule or situation that prevents somebody from doing something, or that makes something impossible ro cn

Energy-sapping heat: nng nung ngi (take away your energy) Exploitative: ksplttv (adj) treating somebody unfairly in order to gain an advantage or to make money bc lt, li dng Bend double To bend at the waist almost fully Subsistence sbsstns (n) the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive subsistence agriculture/farming ( growing enough only to live on, not to sell) s canh tc t cung t cp Alternative :lt:rntv (adj) that can be used instead of something else c th chn thay th cho mt vt khc, khc

Condemn kndem (v) to express very strong disapproval of somebody/something, usually for moral reasons phn i mnh m Odd (adj) [d] Strange or unusual K quc Front (v) frnt to lead or represent an organization, a group, etc Fortune (n) f:tu:n a large amount of money Slum slm (n) an area of a city that is very poor and where the houses are dirty and in bad condition Khu nh chut Stir st:r to move, or to make somebody move, in order to do something Kch ng, khuy ng

Spectacle spektkl (adj) an unusual or surprising sight or situation that attracts a lot of attention Represent reprzent Proportional prprnl of an appropriate size, amount or degree in comparison with something Quota kwot the limited number or amount of people or things that is officially allowed liberalize ['librlaiz] to make something such as a law or a political or religious system less strict -> liberalization lbrlzen (n) export ksprt (v) to sell and send goods to another country -> export eksp:rt (n)

REVIEW
A millstone around your neck a difficult problem or responsibility that it seems impossible to solve or get rid of Sustainable: sstenbl that can continue or be continued for a long time co th chng c co th chiu ng c co th xac nhn c, co th chng minh c write something off to cancel a debt; to recognize that something is a failure, has no value, etc to write off a debt/an investment Deceptive dseptv likely to make you believe something that is not true Forge frd to make an illegal copy of something in order to cheat people bribe a sum of money or something valuable that you give or offer to somebody to persuade them to help you, especially by doing something dishonest fraudulent fr:dlns intended to cheat somebody, usually in order to make money illegally

UNIT 13 PAGE 115

snail mail used especially by people who use email to describe the system of sending letters by ordinary mail th chuyn bng ng b, ng st, ng hang khng, ng bin (do vy, qua chm so vi th in t) Dispatch: [dis'pt] (v) to send a letter, package or message somewhere gi i Rush: to move or to do something with great speed, often too fast Appraisal (n) prezl a meeting in which an employee discusses with their manager how well they have been doing their job; the system of holding such meetings s anh gia hoc xac inh phm cht sell-by date (n) the date printed on food packages, etc. after which the food must not be sold ngy bn ra

Obstacle: ['bstkl] a situation, an event, etc. that makes it difficult for you to do or achieve something chng ngi vt Logistics: ldstks the business of transporting and delivering goods Haulage: h:ld the business of transporting goods by road or railway; money charged for this. Freight: fret goods that are transported by ships, planes, trains or lorries/trucks; the system of transporting goods in this way. Cargo: ka:g the goods carried in a ship or plane Consolidator: /knslideit/ integrator /intigreit/ C s kinh doanh hp nht Nh vn ti gom hng (cng-ten-n)

Overstock: ['ouv'stk] S tch tr qu nhiu Alert: ['l:t] Bo ng Barcode: ba:kd a pattern of thick and thin lines that is printed on things you buy. It contains information that a computer can read. m vch, sc m s Antennas: ntens a piece of equipment made of wire or long straight pieces of metal for receiving or sending radio and television signals labour-intensive needing a lot of people to do it error-prone capable of making an error likely to fail or make errors pallet: ['plit] tm nng hang; pa-let

Invasive: nvesv spreading very quickly and difficult to stop Traceable: tresbl if something is traceable, you can find out where it came from, where it has gone, when it began or what its cause was Shrink: rk to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot; to make clothes, cloth, etc. smaller in this way Forego: [f:'gou] to decide not to have or do something that you would like to have or do Spy on: do thm, d xt

Logistics (n): ldstks the business of transporting and delivering goods Freight: (n) fret goods that are transported by ships, planes, trains or lorries/trucks. Haulage: (n) h:ld the business of transporting goods by road or railway Cargo: (n) k: the goods carried in a ship or plane Consolidator: (n) bang iu khin cua thit bi in t hoc c khi integrator: (n) ['intigreit] may tich phn supply chain (n) the series of processes involved in the production and supply of goods, from when they are first made, grown, etc. until they are bought or used

UNIT 14

UNIT 15: INNOVATION

Innovation: nven (n) the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something Obsolete: bsli:t (adj) no longer used because something new has been invented khng dng na, c xa Perseverant: [,p:si'virnt] determined, persistent kin nhn, kin tri; bn gan, bn chi trendsetting ['trend'seti] s m u mt xu hng mi Giant: dant a very large and powerful organization genius: di:nis unusually great intelligence Revolutionary: revlu:nri involving a great or complete change bomb: to fell very badly

Revel: revl to spend time enjoying yourself in a noisy, enthusiastic way Breakthrough: brekru: (n) an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement the reins the state of being in control or the leader of something Flop a film/movie, play, party, etc. that is not successful dud [dd] (n) a thing that is useless, especially because it does not work correctly prototype: prttap (n) the first design of something from which other forms are copied or developed Mundane: mnden not interesting or exciting

Generic: dnerk (adj) shared by, including or typical of a whole group of things; not specific veer: [vi] (v) to change direction suddenly Fiasco: fisk something that does not succeed, often in a way that causes embarrassment