Adeel Riaz

WOODEN STRUCTURE
MUHAMMAD ADEEL RIAZ C.I.M.A(U.K)*,MBA*,B.COM adeel@piac.co.cc
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Still in progress*

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After viewing this presentation, viewers should able to explain : The classification of wood. Basic woods terminologies. Aircraft wood evaluation and mineral streaks. Woods substitution,e:g Plywood & Laminated wood. Glues and their types. Gluing pressure. Construction and repair of wood. Care of aircraft with wood structure. Inspection of aircrafts having wood structure.

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What is Wood?
Wood is an organic material, a natural composites of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression.

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Classification of wood
There are two broad classification of wood, Hardwoods. Softwoods.

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Hard woods:
Hardwoods come from trees that have broad leaves and are classified as deciduous because they lose their leaves each season They have rough surface when cut in cross section. They are generally heavier than softwoods and generally used where extra strength is required and weight does matter. They are generally used for heavy purposes such as support blocks and tip bows and it is the core material of plywood. Mahogany, birch and white ash are places where hard wood are commonly used. HARD WOOD VIDEO

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Softwoods:
Softwoods come from trees that have needle like or scale like leaves and are classified as evergreens or conifers They have smooth surface when cut in cross section. Having high strength-to-weight ratio which take consideration by manufacturer when constructing aircraft. Woods included in softwoods that are used in aircrafts are Sitka spruce, Douglas fir, port oxford white cedar, western hemlock. Sitka spruce wood is taken as reference material when establishing the stability of other softwoods used in aircrafts construction and repair.
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Woods Terminology
Annual Rings:
Concentric layers of wood that can be seen at the end of a tree trunk that has been cut perpendicular to its length.

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Bark:
The external covering of a tree trunk or branch.

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Grain:
The lines in wood caused by annual rings.

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Check:
A radical that crack across the grain lines.

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Decay:
A biological growth living off of the wood and causing a breakdown in the strength of the wood. Discoloration may also be present.

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Heartwood:
The center part of a tree trunk, which is dead and carries no sap. This part of the tree serves only to support the tree. Once heartwood formation is complete, the heartwood is dead.

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Mineral Streaks:
Coloring in the wood caused by minerals in the soils or other naturally occurring agents during the trees growth.

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Moisture Content:
The weight of water contained in a wood sample compared to the weight of the wood sample if all the water was removed from it. Moisture Video

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Shake:
The separation between the annual ring layers.

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Split: A crack in the wood resulting from rough handling.

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Wood Substitution:
When repairing or rebuilding wood components, species substitution may be allowed if the structural strength of the component is not reduced.

Plywood. Laminated wood.

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Plywood:
is a type of manufactured wood made from thin sheets of wood. The layers are glued together so that adjacent plies have their wood grain at right angles to each other for greater strength. There are usually an odd number of plies, as the symmetry makes the board less prone to wrapping. A common reason for using plywood instead of plain wood is its resistance to cracking, shrinkage, twisting/warping, and its general high degree of strength. Also, plywood can be manufactured in sheets far wider than the trees from which it was made. It has replaced many dimensional lumbers on construction applications for these reasons. Plywood Video

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Laminated wood: Laminated wood is several layers bonded together with an adhesive. These are used for components that requires a curved shapes such as wing tip bow etc.

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Wood Glue
It is the synthetic material used to join the two or more than two plys of . wood together

wood glue video

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Types of Glues
,There are main three types of glues
.Casein Glue .Synthetic Glue .Mixing Glue

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THANK YOU

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