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MOTIVATION DEFINED
Motivation is the set of forces that causes
people to behave in certain ways.It is the
willingness to exert high levels of effort to
achieve certain goals.
Motivation and Performance
Environment
Ability
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
SELF-
ACTUALISATION
ESTEEM
SOCIAL NEEDS
SECURITY NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
NEEDS
General Examples Organizational Examples
Self-
Challenging job
Achievement actualization
Job
Status Esteem title
Friends
Friendship Belongingness at work
Pension
Stability Security plan
Base
Food Physiology salary
[ Douglas Mcgregor]
Theory x & Theory y
People inherently People view work as
dislike work natural as rest or play
People must be People exercise
threatened /coerced to discretion & are
achieve goals committed to goals
People avoid People even seek
responsibilities responsibility
People have the ability to
People value security
be innovative
above all.
MOTIVATION – HYGIENE
[HERZBERG] FACTORS FOR
DISSATISFACTION
Company policy
Supervision
Relationship with superior
Work conditions
Salary
Relationship with peers
Status
Security
MOT. HY. - FACTORS FOR
SATISFACTION
Achievement
Recognition
Work itself
Responsibility
Advancement
Growth
McLelland’s Theory of Needs
ACHIEVEMENT
POWER
AFFILIATION
ACHIEVEMENT NEEDS
A CONCERN FOR EXCELLENCE.
SETTING HIGH GOALS, WORKING
HARD, PERSISTANCE IN REACHING
GOALS.
POWER NEEDS
A DESIRE TO INFLUENCE OTHERS,
GAIN CONTROL.
URGE TO CHANGE OTHERS, GIVING
DIRECTIONS,URGE TO MONITOR
AND TAKE CORRECTIVE STEPS.
AFFILIATION NEEDS
CONCERN FOR MAINTAINING
WARM AND AFFECTIONATE
RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER
PEOPLE.
JOINS GROUPS, VALUES
FRIENDSHIPS, INVITES PEOPLE.
Equity Theory: A Process
Perspective
Individuals equate value of rewards to effort and compare
it to other people.
outcomes(self outcomes
) = (other)
inputs (self) inputs (other)
Motivation to maintain
Equity current situation
Specificity
Clarity and precision of the goal.
Acceptance
Extent to which persons accept a goal as their own.
Commitment
Extent to which an individual is personally interested in
reaching a goal.
Goal-Setting Theory
A Process Perspective
Goal Goal Organizational Intrinsic
difficulty acceptance support Rewards