AC Motors

AC motors convert AC electrical energy to Mechanical energy.

 AC motors:
1. the armature of rotor is a magnet (different to DC motors). 2. the stator is formed by electromagnets (like in DC motors).

Effects of AC Supply on Magnetic Poles

Consider the rotor to be a permanent magnet. Current flowing through conductors energize the magnets and develop N and S poles. The strength of electromagnets depends on current. First half cycle current flows in one direction. Second half cycle it flows in opposite direction.

As AC voltage changes, the poles alternate.

AC Motor Rotation

Limitation of the Elementary Motor

The initial position of the rotor determines the direction of the motor rotation.

Indicate the rotation in the figures below:

Operation of the Practical AC Motor

Magnetic Poles Revolve in AC Motors

From the previous slide we can see that the poles rotate around the circumference of the motor. The rotor, no matter how it is positioned at rest, will be locked-in with the magnetic field and will turn in one direction only. (Same rotation as the poles).

Reactor Start AC Motor (One phase + Inductor)

Two parallel branches connected to the power supply. First branch: Start winding through a centrifugal switch. Second branch: Run winding (through an inductor). The current in the second branch lags the current in the first branch (Remember ELI). This phase difference makes motor work.

Motor Construction The Stator

The stator forms a hollow cylinder with coils of insulated wire inserted into slots of the stator core. The coils, plus the steel core form the electromagnets.

Motor Construction The Rotor

There are two types of motor rotors: The wound rotor The squirrel cage The wound rotor has coils of wire wound in the slots of the rotor. The Squirrel cage consists of bars of copper or aluminum electrically connected at each end with conducting rings.
As the rotor rotates inside a magnetic field, it receives electromagnetic induction, then current flows and form the rotor electromagnet.

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Types of Motor Enclosures

1. ODP Open Drip Proof

2.

TENV Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilating

TEFC Totally enclosed Fan Cooled XP Explosion Proof

3.

4.

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Types of Motor Enclosures

ODP Open Drip Proof Air flows through motor (fan blades help flow) Used in environments free from contaminants

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Types of Motor Enclosures

TENV Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilating Protect motor from corrosive and harmful elements Frame fins help to dissipate heat

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Types of Motor Enclosures

TEFC Totally enclosed Fan Cooled Similar to TENV except has external fan for cooling

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Types of Motor Enclosures

XP Explosion Proof Similar to TEFC but enclosures are cast iron

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AC Motor Data Plate

Each motor has a plate mounted on its frame, with electrical and mechanical information.

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