EEE 461 1

Chapter 7
Error Probabilities for
Noncoherent Systems
Huseyin Bilgekul
EEE 461 Communication Systems II
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Eastern Mediterranean University

Noncoherent Detection of OOK
Noncoherent Detection of FSK
Differential Phase Shift Keying
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Noncoherent Detection
Phase is unknown
Use filter and techniques such as envelope detection or
feedback to demodulate signal
H(f)
Envelope
Detector
Threshold
detector
Sampler
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Noncoherent Detection
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On-off Keying
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On-off Keying
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On-off Keying
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On-off Keying
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On-off Keying
Optimum threshold value
occurs where densities intersect
Threshold depends on bit SNR,
problem in fading channels
Threshold
Pdf if 1 is sent
Rician distributed
Pdf if 0 is sent
Rayleigh distributed noise only case
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On-off Keying
BER depends on the bandwidth of the bandpass filter used.
P
e
becomes smaller as B
p
is decreased.
Minimum bandwidth allowed with no ISI is B
p
=2B=R=1/T
Noncoherent OOK is worse than coherent OOK.

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On-off Keying
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Noncoherent FSK Detector
Filters matched to RF pulses for 0 and 1
Decide 0 if v
u
<v
L
Decide 1 if v
L
>v
u


H
1
(f)
H
0
(f)
Env. Det
Env. Det
Comparator
Sampler
Sampler
v
u

v
L

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Noncoherent FSK Detector
When signal is present in the lower channel, the upper channel is only noise
which is Rayleigh distributed. The lower channel is signal plus noise and it is
Rician distributed.
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 0
2
2
2
0
2 2
2
0 0
0
0 0
u u
L
v v
u
u
u
v A
L L
L
L
L
v
e
f v s
v
v v A
e I v
f v s
v
o
o
o
o o
>
+

<

| |
|
>

|
=

\ .

<

Noise outputs of the upper and lower receiver channels is similar.

0 1 0 2
0
0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0
0 0
2
( ) ( )
1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
( )
e
e u L
f r s f r s
P f r s dr f r s dr f r s dr
P P v v s

=
= + =
= >
} } }
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Noncoherent FSK Detector
( )
2 2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
0
2 2 2
0
1
2
1 1
4
2 2
( )

L
u
L
b
p o
e u L
v A
v
u L L
u L
v
A E
TB N
e e
P P v v s
v v v A
e I e dv dv
P e P e
o
o
o
o o o
+


(
| |

|
(
\ .

= >
| | (
| (
| (
\ .
= =
} }
The probability of error is thus obtained as:
OOK and FSK are equivalent on E
b
/N
o
basis.
Noncoherent FSK requires at most 1 dB more E
b
/N
o
coherent FSK.
Noncoherent FSK is much easier to build.
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Noncoherent FSK Detector
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Differential Phase Shift Keying
Phase shift keyed signals can not be detected noncoherently.
Using the delayed version of the signal as phase reference partial coherence can be
obtained.
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Differential Phase Shift Keying
For additive white Gaussian noise the BER performance can be obtained and
approximated as:
1
2
=Q (Bandpass Filter Detection)
(Matched Filter Detection)
b
o
b
e
o
E
N
e
E
P
N
P e
| |

|
\ .
| |
|
\ .
=
Suboptimum detection (Band pass filter) is similar to that of OOk and FSK.
Optimum demodulation of DPSK requires 1 dB more E
b
/N
o
BPSK.