Article IV

It is a membership in a political community which is personal and more or less permanent in character.

The following are citizens of the Philippines: A. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; B. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; C. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and (3 years, time to elect at the time of reaching age of majority) D. Those who are naturalized in the accordance with law.

Citizen An individual having the title of citizenship Enjoys full civil and political privileges Citizenship Connotes membership in a political society Implies a duty of allegiance on the part of the member Protection on the part of the State

Involuntary
By birth Because of blood relationship or place of birth No action to perfect citizenship.

Voluntary
By naturalization Application

Jus Sanguinis
Blood relationship
Follows the citizenship of the parents or one of them Adopted in the Philippines

Jus Soli
Place of birth
Becomes a citizen of the state where he is born Regardless of the citizenship of the parents

Mother is a Philippine citizen, while the father is an American citizen. The mother gave birth while they are having a tour at the United States?
What is the citizenship of the child?
Filipino Jus Sanguinis American Jus Soli Dual Citizenship

Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines

Jus Sanguinis As long as one of the parents is a Filipino citizen Regardless where the child was born

Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority
Citizens through election under the 1935 Constitution

Mother Filipino (Married) Father Alien

Son is Alien Remains alien throughout his age of minority Unless elects Philippine citizenship

Mother - Filipino (Not Married), Father Alien

Son is Alien

If one of the parents is alien, child obtains alien citizenship

Those who are naturalized in the accordance with law

Those who are not Filipino at birth Acquired citizenship by naturalization

Naturalization
Act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state and clothing him with the rights and privileges of citizenship Renunciation of previous nationality

Judgement of the Court Application for naturalization (RTC) Must have all qualifications and none of the disqualifications Revised Naturalization Act Act of Congress Law making body passes a law conferring citizenship to a foreigner

Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens.

1.

Filipinos at birth No need to perform any act to acquire citizenship

Natural-born Citizens

Example Johnny Dela Cruz migrated to the US when he was 21 and elected to renounce his Philippine citizenship and embrace American citizenship. However, on his retirement, he decided to retire in the Philippines, thus he decided to reacquire his Philippine citizenship. Can he be considered a natural-born Philippine citizen?

2.

Citizens at the time of adoption of the new Constitution

Philippine citizen under the 1973 constitution or on January 17, 1973

3.

Citizen through election (1935 Constitution)

Born before Jan.17, 1973, upon reaching age of majority elected Philippine citizenship even after the ratification of the 1973 constitution

4.

Naturalized Citizen

Philippine

citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.

Voluntary
Naturalization in a foreign country Expatriation - Renunciation of citizenship Taking an oath of allegiance to a foreign country Rendering services to the Armed Forces of a foreign country

Involuntary
Cancellation of certificate of naturalization
punishment

Deserter in the Armed Forces of the Philippines in time of war

Naturalization Act of Congress Repatriation Marrying members of Armed Forces of a foreign country Termination of Marital Status Oath of Allegiance to the Philippines Registering in the Civil Registry

G.R : The Filipino retains Philippines citizenship. XPN: If by their act or omission they are deemed under the law, to have renounced it.
( Sec. 4, Art. IV, 1987 Constitution)

Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law.

Continued allegiance of naturalized nationals to their mother country Dual citizenship is different from Dual Allegiance
Dual citizenship is accepted Dual allegiance is illegal
Inimical to national interest Cant serve two masters at the same time In times of war, you were called on by the Philippine government to render service