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Automation Need for automation, Rules of automation Exposure to the Automation Concepts and Kick start the learning of one of the leading tool QTP
Need of Automation
Speed : Automation Scripts run very fast when compared to human users Reliable : Tests perform precisely the same operations each time they are run, there by eliminating human error. Repeatable: We can test how the application reacts after repeated execution of the same operation Comprehensive : We can build a suite of tests that covers every feature in our application
Reusable : We can reuse tests on different versions of an application, even if the user interface changes.
Product feature understanding, test planning, test case documentation, test bed setup, defect tracking, progression tests are all done in manual mode Test automation success depends on robustness of the test cases not on the test tool. Every manual step has commands in test scripts If it is not worth, DO NOT AUTOMATE. Do not build application logic in your test scripts Always have a common know base state for test cases One test script Action must address one test case.
Quick Test Professional (HP) WinRunner (HP) Robot (IBM Rational) Functional Tester (IBM Rational) SilkTest (Borland) TestComplete (AutomatedQA) QAWizard (Seapine) TestPartner (Compuware) QEngine (AdventNet) Open source tools (Sahi, Watir)
Introduction to QTP
Developed by Mercury interactive now owned by HP Developed for web functionality QTP supports both web applications & windows applications QTP Developed in 2002, present version in the market is 9.5 Test Script developed on VB Script QTP supported Technology .NET. J2EE, Main Frame, XML, Java, Delphi ERP -> SAP, Seibel, People soft QTP Supports both Technical & Non Technical People QTP run on only windows platform not supporting UNIX, Linux etc
Web Browser
ActiveX VB Web
Java Oracle People soft .NET Terminal Emulator (RTE) SAP Siebel Delphi
Architecture Of QTP
Script(.mts file) Action1 Rep1 (.mtr file) Sheet1 (localSheet) Parameters - Action Parameters Rep 2 (.mtr file) Sheet 2 (localSheet) Parameters - Action Parameters Rep 3 (.mtr file) Sheet3 (localSheet) Parameters - Action Parameters
Shared Repository t (.tsr file) Global Sheet Environment Parameter Test Parameter
Action2
Action3
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Object Spy Object Identification Understanding customizing Non Standard Objects Understanding Way of Recognition Object Repository Simple Record and Replay Types of Record Context Sensitive, Analog, Low Level Record Managing Script with Various Data Parameters (DataTable) VB Scripting (String Manipulation, Msgbox, Split command, InStr, Loops, Conditions) Managing Script with Dynamic Objects Regular Expression Smart Identification Check Points Standard, Bitmap, Text
Object Spy
Object spy is used to display or view all the physical properties and methods of an object.
Object Identification
Used to Map non Standard Object to Standard Object Used to configure Recognition properties for an object class.
Recognition properties are configured using Mandatory Properties Assistive properties (are used when mandatory property fails to recognize the object uniquely) Ordinal Identifier (are used when both mandatory and assistive fails to recognize the object uniquely) Location (Represent x- coordinate of the screen or parent object Nearest to x is 0) Index (Works based on active screen active screen being 0 by default) Creation Time (For web browsers, no. of instances decides the creation time)
Object Repository
Stores the object for the purpose of playing back Uses Logical Name and Description properties to recognize the object from script and application respectively
Recording Modes
Three are Modes of Recording Context Sensitive or Normal Recording Uses the object class and properties and method to perform action.
Analog Recording Understands only the key or mouse movements Relative to the screen: Desktop.RunAnalog Track1 Relative to the window: Window(<<objName>>).RunAnalog Track1 Low Level Recording Understand the x and y coordinate of the within the object on which the action is performed. Object(<<ObjName>>).Click (22,45)
Recording a Test
Virtual Object
Virtual Object is used to identify the properties of similar objects in a particular Area. For Instance In normal recording if we select the paint brush window, the script will look like following: window(Paint).Activate Window(Paint).Winobject(colors).Click 72,16 Window(Paint).Winobject(colors).Click 80,14 Window(Paint).Close If we are using Virtual object, the script will look like following window(Paint).Activate Window(Paint).Winobject(colors).Virtual Button(RED) Window(Paint).Winobject(colors).Virtual Button(RED) Window(Paint).Close
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VB Scripting
Msgbox() Inputbox() String manupulation Using Variables Using Concatenation Split () Instr() Loops For loop, Do while, Select Case Conditions If then Else
Script Level Parameterization Constant DataTable(clmName,dtLocal/GlobalSheet) RandomNumber(start,End) Environment(Paraname) Action Parameter - Parameter(ParaName) Action Parameter Constant DataTable RandomNumber Environment Test Parameter Test Parameter Constant (Test Parameter can be configured only through Action Parameter) Environment Parameter Build In User Defined
Action Parameter
To create an Action Parameter Go to Action, Right Click, Select Action Properties and give Default value to be used.
To Modify Action Parameter default value Go to Action, Right Click, Select Action Call Properties and select the parameter for which modification is needed, select value column and click on configure value button under value. To control the iteration of Action Sheet - Go to Action, Right Click, Select Action call properties and Run tab
Test Parameter File->Setting->Parameter Tab Only constant value can be used To use the test parameter in the script, Test parameter needs to configured to action parameter. Environment Parameter File->Setting->Environment Tab Build in and User defined parameters To use the environment in other machines, use export and import under environment parameter tab
Multiple Actions
How to Create New Actions? Creating as Independent Action (Call to New action, Select at the end of test radio button) Creating as Nested Action (Call to new action, Select After the current test radio button) Dependent Action One action depends on another action for want of data Using Datatable Output Value Using Output Parameter Output Value Output value Select the object from active screen, Right click, Select output value At Recording time Select from menu Insert->Output Value>Standard Output value
Reusable Actions
How to make an action as Reusable Action? Passing Parameters for Reusable Action Using Input Parameters Using Output Parameters SystemUtil Commands .Exist Command Syntex of Reusable Action RunAction ActionName[ScriptName], One/Alliteration, Parameters(optional)
Dynamic Objects
What is Dynamic Object? When we can say, the object is dynamic? Ways to Solve those dynamic objects SetTOProperty Parent().Object(Logical).SetTOProperty propertyName, Value Regular Expression Repository Parameter Smart Identification What is Smart Identification? It is a second level of Recognition Mechanism to recognize an object when it is failed using Description properties
It is not a permanent method to solve a dynamic object It is an indication to the user that the object is not managed using description properties
Regular Expressions
This can be used where there is a pattern of Change. Regular Expressions can be used in the following areas: 1) Check Points
2) In parameterization
3) Data Driven test 4) Actions
5) Exception Handling.etc
Smart Identification
Smart Identification is used as Second level of recognition mechanism. When the Quick test fails to recognize the object through description properties, it tries to identify the object using Smart identification. By invoking smart identification, system takes more time than usual time so if an object is identified in smart identification method then that object needs to be attended
Following Two properties are available in Smart identification 1) Base Filter Properties (This property has to match) 2) Optional Filter Properties (At least one of the property should be unique)
Synchronization Point
Synchronization point maintains the time coordination between testing process and your application process.
Types of Synchronization Sync Wait WaitProperty Exist
Check Points
Check Point is a verification point that compares the current value of the specified property with the expected value for that property.
Standard Check Point Text/ Text Area Check Point Bitmap Check point Database Check Point XML Check Point Accessibility Check Point/ Web Checkpoint
Checkpoint Types
Exception Handling
It enables Quick test to detect and handle when unexpected error occurred during execution time. Types of Exception Handling:
Popup Exception Handling Object State Exception Handling Test Run Exception Handling Application Crash
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