Issues and Anomalies

Unemployment
Destabilized Economy Rampant Corruption in the Government and abuse of

authority and power Increased crime rates (before martial law) due to poverty Assassination of Benigno Aquino Marcos Ill-gotten wealth

 Corruption allegations against the government and

peoples oppositions to the laws and dictatorship of Marcos brought about uprisings and reformation movements to oust the president (PP1) There was an increase in job opportunities but it declined eventually. In relation to this, huge economic accelerations from OFW remittances were occurring. But declined after the Aquinos killing controversy. The inflation rate was high and critics claim it was because of overspending the 1969 budget.

Why did he declare Martial Law?

To the anti-Marcos elements, it was due to his

immense greed for power and wealth. Some would say its because of Ninoy Aquino as his political rival that time. Lastly, It was his last option.

Advantage of Martial Law

The people were disciplined.
Crimes had totally vanished.

Disadvantage of Martial Law

death of democracy
the rights of the people to speak stronger military power

Under Martial Law

Proclamation No. 1081 (September 21, 1972)

Placed the entire Phil. Under Martial Law Believed that the danger of rebellion had increased

Paralyzed the functions of the Natl & local govt

Many schools closed down Many businessmen stopped their operations Citizens are compelled to stay at home The judiciary is unable to administer justice

General Order 2-A

To arrest and detain persons who committed

and will commit crimes

Presidential Decree No. 2 (September 26, 1972)

Philippines as a Land Reform Area

Department of Agrarian Reform was created to immediately transfer the land titles to peasants

Presidential Decree No. 4 (September 26, 1972)

National Grains Authority was created and

intended to effect the desired changes and reforms 1973 crisis

Presidential Decree No. 6 (September 27, 1972)

Prescribe rules and regulations regarding discipline in the govt service

Presidential Decree No. 6 (September 27, 1972)

Prescribe rules and regulations regarding discipline in the govt service Curfew hours

NEW CONSTITUTION
The framing of new constitution replacing the 1935

Constitution September 25, 1972 The prorogation of the entire meeting until the lifting of martial law The motion was defeated and as a result the convention continued its session An announcement by President Marcos to the citizen assemblies for the finished new constitution. January 10-15 1973 The provision of the new constitution

Three questions were submitted to the Kapulungan namely:

Do you approve of the Citizen Assembly as a way of

popular government to decide issues affecting our people? Do you approve of the new constitution? Do you want a plebiscite t be called to ratify the new constitution?

Three Resolutions before the kapulungan:

Proclamation No. 1102 ; DECLARING THE EFFECTIVITY OF THE
CREATION OF THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION AS PROVIDED IN THE NEW CONSTITUTION AND PROVIDING GUIDELINES FOR THE OPERATION THEREOF

Proclamation No. 1103 ; AMENDING FURTHER REPUBLIC ACT

NUMBERED THIRTY-FIVE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN ENTITLED "AN ACT CREATING THE PHILIPPINE VETERANS BANK AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES" AS AMENDED BY PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NUMBERED TWO HUNDRED THIRTY SIX

Proclamation No. 1104 ; PROVIDING FOR AN ARMED FORCES

RETIREMENT ANDSEPARATION BENEFITS SYSTEM

Effects of the New Constitution:

The official abolition of the legislative body
The exercise by president Marcsos of the powers of the

President and of the Prime Minister The change of the form of the government from presidential to parliamentary; and The exercise by the president of the power to call the interim assembly

Distribution of Wealth
The wealthy became wealthier and the poor became

poorer The diffuse of the growing discontentment among the poor An order urging to business corporations and companies A decree provided for the distribution of land above seven hectares to landless tenants Distribution of lands equitably

PEACE AND ORDER

The situation of armed conflict in the Philippines has given rise to the following major issues and concerns: Displacement of families from their own communities, affecting Women, particularly their health, education and income opportunities; Women in armed conflict areas as vulnerable to sexual harassment, abuse and other forms of violence; Need for increased leadership roles for women as peacemakers; and

 Need to heighten awareness of all sectors on womens

rights as human rights, and to formulate and implement policies to safeguard these rights. Increasing national crime rate for the period 1971 to 1981. Criminals were either captured and detained or killed. MARTIAL LAW--- To restore peace and order

Main reason for declaring Martial Law To reform society and; to save the republic.

 Martial Law regime killed more than 3,000 Filipinos and

made hundreds disappear Curfew Moro National liberation Front (MNLF) Secret Marshals Truce Movement in February, 1975 Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) Memorandum of Cooperation dated October 1, 1974 Felicisimo Macapagal The campaign to have peace and order prevail throughout the country in order to create a favourable climate for economic and social development.

Infrastructure
Tax laws- had been ignored in order to avoid payment

of correct income tax. Bureau of Internal Revenue- biggest money maker of all the departments of the government. Bureau of Customs- second biggest money maker. These two money makers were placed in the hands of dedicated officials who were willing to run after those influential tax payers.

 The government able to collect almost a billion pesos

on the decree extending tax amnesty to those delinquent tax payers issued by Marcos. Substantial parts of the huge collection were spent on the construction on first-class roads, bridges, highways, irrigation facilities, airfields, improvement of airports, school-houses, and other infrastructure that have been given much importance as during the martial law regime.

The Shift in Foreign Policy

Claro M. Recto- late statesman, parliamentarian,

poet, and nationalist who described the Philippine foreign policy since 1946 as Mendicant Policy. Ngo Dinh Diems South Vietnam- called by Recto as a puppet of the United States. 20 years after, Rectos ideas became a reality and Marcos initiated the shift in Philippine foreign policy.

 May 23, 1975- Marcos delivered his Philippine policy speech

enumerating six guidelines to help the country survive the current security crisis in Asia. The guidelines were: To intensify Philippine relations with the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN); To pursue more vigorously the establishment of diplomatic relations with the socialist states, particularly with the Peoples Republic of China and with the Soviet Union; To seek closer identification with the Third World (the so-called developing countries of the world); To continue relationship with Japan; To support the Arab countries in the struggle for a just and enduring peace in the Middle East; and To find new basis, compatible with the emerging realities in Asia, for a continuing healthy relationship with the United States.

 In accordance with the guidelines, the Philippines

established diplomatic relations with: Socialist Countries Peoples Republic of China Democratic Republic of Vietnam Democratic Republic of Kampucha Soviet Union It led to progressive trade relations between them and the Philippines, and also to cultural exchange programs.

 Led to progressive trade relations.

Official relations with socialist countries.

LABOR AND HUMAN WELFARE

In 1975, 15.2 million labor force 14.6 million or 96.6 % were employed 57.76 thousands or 3.8 % were unemployed 9.2 % were underemployed DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AGENCIES OEDB ( Overseas Employment Development Board) PEO ( Public Employment Office) NSB ( National Seamen Board) NMYC ( National Manpower and Youth Council) BA ( Bureau of Apprenticeships )

THE ECONOMY
To hasten the economic development, President Marcos implemented

a number of economic programs. These programs helped the country to enjoy the period of economic growth I the mid-1970's up to the early 1980's. The farmers were given technical and financial aid and other incentives such as "price support". With the incentives given to the farmers, the country's agricultural sector grew. As a result, the Philippines became self-sufficient in rice in 1976 and even became a rice exporter. Foreign capital was invited to invest in certain industrial projects. They were offered incentives including tax exemption privileges and the privilege of bringing out their profits in foreign currencies. The government's efforts resulted in the increase of the nation's economic growth rate to an average of six percent to seven percent from 1970 to 1980. Another major contributor to the economic growth of the country was the tourism industry

EDSA 1
In EDSA I, the people protested the massive election

fraud during the Snap Presidential Elections held during the first week of February 1986. Many supporters of Corazon Aquino were not able to vote because their names were allegedly deleted from the registered voter's list.