STANDARD COMPETENCE Determining the equation of a circle and its tangent line.

. BASIC COMPETENCE Determining the tangent equation of a circle in any situations. Indicators
Determining tangent equation of a circle where the centre point is O(0,0) and the radius is r through a point T(x1,y1) on a circle. Determining tangent equation of a circle where the centre point is A(a,b) and the radius is r through a point T(x1,y1) on a circle. Determining the tangent equation of a circle x2+y2+Ax+By+C=r2 through a point on the circle T(x1,y1)

STRAIGHT LINE EQUATION

Gradient of a straight Line Straight Line Equation Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

CIRCLE EQUATION
Centre O(0,0) and radius r Centre A(a,b) and radius r General Form of a Circle Equation

Gradient of a Straight Line

Line Equation y mx c
Gradient of the line is m

Line Equation Ax by C 0
Gradient of the line is A/B For a line passes through 2 points P ( x1 , y1 ) and R( x2 , y2 ) Gradient of the line is

y2 y1 x2 x1

Straight Line Equation

y y1 m( x x1 )

Equation of the line which

passes through point (x1,y1)

and the gradient is m

y y1 x x1 y2 y1 x2 x1

Equation of the line which passes through the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)

Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

Parallel
Gradient of both

Perpendicular
If line g and line h

lines are same.

If line g and line h parallel, then :

perpendicular,
then:

mg mh

mg .mh 1

CIRCLE EQUATION

x2 y2 r 2
Circle Equation where the centre is O(0,0) and having
radius r.

( x a ) 2 ( y b) 2 r 2
Circle Equation where the centre is A(a,b) and having radius r.

x 2 y 2 Ax By C 0
General Form of Circle Equation

Now, Lets find the tangent equation of the cirlce...

y
L x2 y2 r 2

Tangent Line T ( x1 , y1 )
r

y1

g
x1
x

O (0,0)

STEPS Write the general equation of the line Substitute gradient of the tangent line g (mg) into m1 Multiply both sides by y1 Expand both parts of equation Collect the variable in quadratic form in right side and the others in the left side Remember that x2+y2= r2

EQUATIONS

y y1 m1 ( x x1 )
y y1 x1 ( x x1 ) y1

y1 ( y y1 ) x1 ( x x1 )

y1 y y1 x1 x x1
2

x1 x y1 y x1 y1
2

x1 x y1 y r 2

y
Tangent Line T ( x1 , y1 )
r

y1
A(a, b)

g
O
a

x1

STEPS
Write the general equation of the line Substitute gradient of the tangent line g (mg) into m1 Multiply both sides by (y1-b) Expand both sides by multiply all variables.

EQUATION

y y1 m1 ( x x1 )
y y1 x1 a ( x x1 ) y1 b

( y1 b) y y1 ( x1 a)( x x1 )
y1 y y1 by by1 x1 x x1 ax ax1
2 2

Move -x1x and ax to the right side and move -y12 and by to the left side.

x1 x y1 y ax by x1 y1 ax1 by1
2 2

( x a ) 2 ( y b) 2 r 2

( x1 a)( x a) ( y1 b)( y b) r

y
y1
1 B 2
1 L( 1 A , 2 2 B)

T ( x1 , y1 ) Tangent Line

1 A 2

x1

STEPS
Write the general equation of the line Substitute gradient of the tangent line g (mg) into m1 Multiply both sides by (y1+b) Expand both parts of

EQUATIONS

y y1 m1 ( x x1 )
x1 1 2 A y y1 ( x x1 ) 1 y1 2 B
1 ( y1 1 B )( y y ) ( x 1 1 2 2 A)( x x1 )

equations

1 1 1 1 2 yy1 y1 By By1 x1 x x1 Ax Ax1 2 2 2 2

2

1 1 x1 x y1 y A( x x1 ) B y y1 C 0 2 2

13/10/2012 Nikmah Alfi Nahdiya