Yan Zhang Cheng Li Brian Kirkpatrick

Low rate WPAN standard

Open Systems Interconnection Model

OSI Model Data Unit Host layers Data Layer 7. Application 6. Presentation Function Network process to application Data representation, encryption and decryption, convert machine dependent data to machine independent data Inter-host communication, managing sessions between applications End-to-end connections, reliability and flow control Path determination and logical addressing Physical addressing Media, signal and binary transmission

5. Session Segments Media layers Packet / Datagram Frame Bit 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data link 1. Physical

Zigbee Networks & Devices

Layout: star, tree, mesh Nodes: coordinator, router, end device Algorithm considers both signal quality and

hop count for each route. Avoids recalculating route Avoids resending data

Zigbee Multiplexing

Orthogonal Signaling
o
o

BPSK / QPSK Allows multiple nodes to talk at the same time http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_keying

CSMA-CA
o Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance o Listen: If someone's talking, wait for some random t < 2^n Otherwise, your turn. o Battery Life Extension ( BLE ) 'n' is limited to n < 2 Reciever can be awake for a shorter time

Frequency Bands
Frequency Data Rate Number of Area Band ( kbit/s ) Channels 2.4 GHz 915 MHz 868 MHz 250 40 20 16 10 1 Worldwide America & Australia Europe

Wireless Standard Comparison

ZigBee
Data Rate 20, 40, and 250 Kbits/s 10 - 100 meters Ad-hoc, peer to peer, star, or mesh 868 MHz (Europe) 900-928 MHz (NA), 2.4 GHz (worldwide) Low Very low

802.11 (Wi-Fi)
11 & 54 Mbits/sec 50 - 100 meters Point to hub 2.4 and 5 GHz High High

Bluetooth
100-500 Mbits/s < 10 meters Point to point 3.1 - 10.6 GHz

Wireles s USB
62.5 Kbits/s

IR Wireless
20-40 Kbits/s 115 Kbits/s 4 & 16 Mbits/s <10 meters (line of sight) Point to point 800-900 nm

Range Networking Topology Operating Frequency

10 meters Point to point 2.4 GHz

Complexity (Device & application impact) Power Consumption (Battery life)

Medium Low

Low Low

Low Low

XBee 802.15.4 RF Modules

http://www.digi.com/products/wireless-wired-embedded-solutions/zigbee-rf-modules

XBee 802.15.4 RF Modules

Ideal for low-power, low-cost applications XBee-PRO modules are power-amplified versions Fully interoperable with other XBee products

XBee vs XBee-PRO
Specification
Indoor/Urban Range

XBee
Up to 30 m

XBee - Pro
Up to 90 m

Outdoor RF line-of-sight Range Transmit Power Output ( software selectable ) RF Data Rate

Up to 90 m

Up to 1600 m

1mW 250,000 bps

63mW 250,000 bps 1200 bps - 250 kbps

Serial Interface Data Rate 1200 bps - 250 kbps (software selectable )

http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf

XBee vs XBee-PRO
Power Requirements XBee XBee-PRO

Supply Voltage Transmit Current(typical) Idle/Receive Current(typical) Power-down Current

2.8-3.4 V 45mA(@3.3V)

2.8-3.4 V 250mA(@3.3 V)

50mA(@3.3 V)

55mA(@3.3 V)

< 10 uA

< 10 uA

http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Zigbee/XBee-Datasheet.pdf

Why Xbee over bluetooth

Multi-point networks
Low power in specific conmunicaiton scenarios

XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module

XBee

Bluetooth SMD RN-41

$23 Baud rate speeds:

$25 Baud rate speeds:

1200bps - 250 Kbps 1200bps up to 921Kbps Indoor/Urban: up to 30m Class 1 radio, 100m outdoor line-of-sight: up distance to 90m 1 mW (0dBm) 15dBm transmitter power transmitter power output output 1 mW (0dBm) receive -80dBm receive sensitivity sensitivity

XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module

Module Supply Voltage Transmit Current XBee(3.3Typ.) 2.8-3.4 V 35 mA normal mode 45 mA boost mode 50 mA Bluetooth SMD(3.3Typ.) 3.0-3.6 V 65mA(100mA Max.)

Receive current

35mA(60mA Max.)

Power-down sleep current

Connected current

<10 A
50 mA

25mA default settings 2.5mA deep sleep

30mA normal mode 8mA lower power sniff

http://www.rovingnetworks.com/files/resources/Bluetooth-RN-41-DS.pdf

XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module

Scenario 1:
AAA Alkaline battery (1200 mAh) as power supply Normal mode and default settings Transit 1%, receive 1%, connected 3%sleep 95% XBee: 1200 * 2 / (35 * 0.01 + 50 * 00.1 + 50 * 0.03 + 0.01 * 0.95) = 1017 h Bluetooth SMD: 1200 * 2 / (65 * 0.01 + 35 * 0.01 + 30 * 0.03 + 25 * 0.95) = 94h

XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module

Scenario 2:
AAA Alkaline battery (1200 mAh) as power supply Normal mode and default settings Transit 1%, receive 1%, connected 95%sleep 3% XBee: 1200 * 2 / (35 * 0.01 + 50 * 0.01 + 50 * 0.95 + 0.01 * 0.3) = 50 h Bluetooth SMD: 1200 * 2 / (65 * 0.01 + 35 * 0.01 + 30 * 0.95 + 25 * 0.3) = 65 h

XBee vs Bluetooth SMD Module

Module Supply Voltage Transmit Current XBee(3.3Typ.) 2.8-3.4 V 35 mA normal mode 45 mA boost mode 50 mA Bluetooth SMD(3.3Typ.) 3.0-3.6 V 65mA(100mA Max.)

Receive current

35mA(60mA Max.)

Power-down sleep current

Connected current

<10 A
50 mA

25mA default settings 2.5mA deep sleep

30mA normal mode 8mA lower power sniff

http://www.rovingnetworks.com/files/resources/Bluetooth-RN-41-DS.pdf

Easy to use

Mount into a receptacle Free X-CTU Software

http://www.cooking-hacks.com/index.php/blog/tutorial-arduino-deluxe-pack

XBee and GPS with Arduino UNO

Read the data from the GPS module and transmit it through the XBee 802.15.4 .

http://www.cooking-hacks.com/index.php/blog/tutorial-arduino-deluxe-pack

ZigBee Applications
security HVAC AMR lighting control access control TV VCR DVD/CD remote

ZigBee
Wireless Control that Simply Works

patient monitoring fitness monitoring

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE TELECOM SERVICES

mouse keyboard joystick

PC & PERIPHERALS

asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt

19

INDUSTRIAL CONTROL

m-commerce info services object interaction (Internet of Things)

HOME CONTROL

security HVAC lighting control access control irrigation

Application
1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation

Chronic Disease Monitoring

From ZigBee Alliance, health care white paper. https://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/09-4962.pdf

Application
1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation

Multipoint Remote Control

Compare with infrared-based (IR) remote controls

Longer Battery Life Wider Range Better Interference Better Compatibility

Higher Price Lower Data Rate

Application
1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation

Telecom Services

Application
1. Health Care 2. Remote Control 3. Telecom Services 4. Home Automation

Home Automation
Home Heartbeat

Slide 30

Conclusion
Low power, low range, low cost wireless protocol Uses DSSS and addressing to network Xbee and Xbee-pro Xbee vs Bluetooth modules Particularly suited for: Many to Many Extremely low power burst

References
http://www.zigbee.org/Standards/Overview.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigbee http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.15.4 http//www.zigbee.org/ http://zone.ni.com/ http://www.digi.com/products/wireless-wiredembedded-solutions/zigbee-rf-modules/pointmultipoint-rfmodules/xbee-series1module#overview

Question?