Prepared by: Christine C.

Garcia

The learner must be motivated

The phrase above is said to be the basic principle of teachinglearning process. One aspect of the teaching function that needs attention is motivation.

According to Ruch,
"motivation means complexes of internal conditions which serve to direct the organism toward specific goals."

Hilgard defines motivation as:

"something that incites the organism has been aroused.

Morgan gives the following words:

as synonyms of motivation-wants, strivings, desires, needs, motives, goals, aspiration, drive, wish, aims, etc.

Motivation may also be defined as behavior instigated by needs within the individual and directed toward goals that can satisfy the needs. Motivation may also be regarded as explanation for action which influences behavior in many ways.

These are external stimulus to action. This type of motivation is based on incentive. The motivation comes from outside the individual, that is, from the external environment.

Arise from the individuals genuine

desire to learn because he realizes the

benefits he will derive from what he will

learn.

An

intrinsically

motivated

individual is said to be self-motivated, is

an internal stimulus that a arouse one to

action. It is based on motive, which is always intrinsic.

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIVES

Biological and physiological drives

These are innate or inborn stimuli
such as the desire for food, water, shelter,

and other comforts of the body. In the

hierarchy of motives, biological drives are

the lowest but the most important.

Psychological drives
These are social drives which are acquired, learned or derived.

Creativity or self-actualization drives

These are general or unconscious drives or motives. The desire to do something not out of necessity but simply the urge to achieve something exceptional for the good of humanity is self-actualization.

MOTIVATION PRINCIPLES
Learning under intrinsic motivation is better than learning under extrinsic motivation. Goal-setting is an important motivational aspect of learning. Successful experiences are important motivations for all students.

MOTIVATION PRINCIPLES
Feedback about the progress being made by the students can be an effective motivator.

Using learner interest as a motive is important in classroom learning. Learning under control of reward is better than learning under the control of punishment.

MOTIVATION PRINCIPLES
Meaningful materials and tasks are more successful motivators than tasks the learner does not understand. Success generally increases the level of aspiration and achievement of the learner, whereas failure tends to lower the level of aspiration.

MOTIVATION PRINCIPLES
The teachers expectation of the learners performance influence the latters achievement. Group competition, cooperation, and support are more effective motivators than individual competition.

MOTIVATIONAL CYCLE
Motivation goes through a cycle.
The first stage starts with a need which turns into a

motive. Then tension or stress arises. The second

stage is action. The motive spurs the individual into action and the activity continues until the motive has been satisfied and the goal achieved.

Then the third stage starts, which is the

satisfaction of the individual. Tension vanishes

and stability or equilibrium takes its place.

This is called homeostasis, which is the

absence of tension and satisfaction, stability

and equilibrium characterize the individual.

If there is another need or motive arising, the

motivational cycle starts all over again.