Network +

Tom McLaughlin
b-admin, mcse, mous, a+, net+ (mct, linux)

tom@tomax7.com http://www.tomax7.com

Networking Benefits
Networking Enables:
Information Sharing

Centralized Administration and Support Hardware and Software Sharing

Roles of Computers in a Network

Mail Server Database Server Fax Server

Database

File and Print Server

Directory Services Server

Client Computer

Types of Networks
Peer-to-Peer

Client-Server

Scope of Networks
Local Area Network

Wide Area Network

Bus Topology

Segment
Terminator Terminator

Star Topology

Hub

Ring Topology

Mesh Topology

Hybrid Topologies
Star-Bus
Bus

Star-Ring

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Ethernet
Transmits signal Detects signal Collision detected

Carrier Sense Multiple Access

Collision Detection

Characteristics
Access Method Transfer Speed CSMA/CD

Description
Standard Ethernet 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)

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Token Ring
Physical Ring
MSAU

Logical Ring

Characteristics
Access Method Transfer Speed

Description
Token passing 4 to 16 Mbps for all cable types

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Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Secondary Ring

Primary Ring

Characteristics
Access Method Transfer Speed

Description
Token passing Fiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps

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Network Cables
Types of Cables Twisted-Pair 10BaseT
Unshielded (UTP) Shielded (STP)

Coaxial
10Base2, 10Base5

ThinNet ThickNet

Fiber-Optics

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Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices

Infrared Transmission

Narrowband Radio Transmission

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Repeaters and Hubs

Repeater
Transmits data to all connected computers

Repeater

Hub
Transmits data to all connected computers in a star topology

Hub

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Bridges

Bridge

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Switches

Switch

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Routers
Router

Router

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Gateways
Ethernet

Gateway

Token Ring

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Infrared Data Association (IrDA)

Wireless Communication by Using IrDA
Windows Client

Laptop

Mouse

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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer
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Types of Data Transmissions

Unicast Broadcast

Multicast

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IP Address Classes
Class A Class B Class C
Network ID Host ID

Network ID

Host ID

Network ID

Host ID

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IP Addresses
192.168.2.100 192.168.3.100

IP Address

192.168.1.100
192.168.2.0 Network ID 192.168.3.0

192.168.1.0

192.168.1.100

192.168.2.101

Host ID

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Subnets
Subnet 1 1 2 Subnet 2

Hub

Router

Hub

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Addressing Guidelines
The First Number in the Network ID Cannot Be 127

The Host ID Cannot Be All 255s

The Host ID Cannot Be All Zeros

The Host ID Must Be Unique to the Local Network ID

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CIDR Notation
IP Address

10 .

217 . 123

00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111

Subnet Mask

255 . 255 . 240

. 0

11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 8 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 20

Number of Subnet Mask Bits (ones)

IP Address in CIDR Notation

10.217.123.7/20

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The Internet
Server

Internet
Text, Audio, Video, and Graphics Data

Connection Using TCP/IP Protocol

Client

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Internet Services
Electronic

Mail (e-mail) World Wide Web (WWW) Chat Internet News File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Telnet

Internet

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Intranets
Intranet

Internet

Extranet

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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

URL

(http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/ default.html)
Protocol used (http://) DNS address (example.microsoft.com) Path on the server (/tutorial/default.html)
http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html

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Domain Naming

Domain Name (example.microsoft.com) Top-level domain (com) Second-level domain (microsoft.com) Subdomain (example.microsoft.com)

com
microsoft.com example.microsoft.com

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Domain Organization
Forest
nwtraders.msft
Domain

Domain

Domain Tree Domain

Tree
Domain Domain

namerica.nwtraders.msft

samerica.nwtraders.msft

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Features of a Domain
Single Logon Single User Account

Centralized Management

Scalability

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Benefits of a Domain
Organized Objects
Sales Paris Repair

Easy Location of Information

User1 Computer1 User2

Printer1

Streamlined Access

Delegated Authority

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Internet Protocols
HTTP FTP
Server

HTTPS
SMTP
Data

Internet

NNTP

HTML

Connection Using an Internet Protocol

DHTML

Client

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TCP/IP Layers

Application Layer HTTP FTP Transport Layer TCP UDP

Application Layer
Transport Layer Internet Layer

IP

Internet IGMP Layer ICMP

ARP

Network Layer ATM Interface Ethernet

Network Interface Layer

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Network Address Translators (NATs)

192.168.0.10 Web Browser

Web Server

w2.x2.y2.z2

w1.x1.y1.z1

Internet
NAT

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Proxy Servers
LAN Authorized Web Site

LAN

Internet

Proxy Server

LAN

Restricted Web Site

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Firewalls
LAN Authorized User

LAN Firewall

Internet

LAN

Unauthorized User

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Questions?

Answers www.tomax7.com

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