WEEK 3

DAY 1 - OPTICAL DRIVE (CDD, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW)

(THEORY SESSION)

DAY 2 - FLOPPY DISK DRIVE

(THEORY SESSION)

DAY 3 - PARTS IDENTIFYING IN FDD, HDD, CDD

(DEMO SESSION)

DAY 4 - HARD DISK DRIVE PREPARATION

(PRACTICAL SESSION)

DAY 5 - PC MEMORY (RAM and ROM)

(THEORY SESSION)

Optical Storage Devices

Introduction

Now the CD-ROM has become a medium to carry large size of applications and files.

CD-ROM is used to store text, images, and high quality stereo sounds.

Features of CD-ROM
Low unit cost High information density Read only medium Modest random access performance Robust, removable medium Multimedia storage

It is faster than floppy drive and slower than Hdd while read and write the datas.

It is highly reability due to optical technology It has been divided into tracks and sectors Distance between each track is 1.6 micron It store the datas in pits and land Capacity of disk is 700mb Using laser beam to store the datas into the cd While reading the data The rotational speed is 300 rpm

Data Read and Write Operations

Block read is slow because it reads one small block of data from CD at one time. In the syncronous mode the program must be fast enough to store the data at the same speed as the CDROM gives it. In the CD-ROM digital data are impressed as pits and lands

CD-ROM drive components

Head

The head provides the light on the surface of the disc and the receptor reads the reflected light. Head Actuator It is responsible for movement at right angles of head. Spindle Motor The spindle motor in hard disk drives and floppy drives have to spin the disc at a constant rate of speed.

Interface Connectors
IDE drives are always internal devices.

Internal CD-ROM drives have stable connectors.

Most drives have exterior connector and a volume control. In the external CD-ROM drives have their own power supplies.

Speed The specification of a CD-ROM is indicated by its speed like 24X, 48X, and so on.
Interface Standard (ATAPI) It is an interface between the computer and attached CD-ROM drives and tape backup drives. Driver Configuration in real mode (DOS) The MS-DOS design is working through the Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files Drive maintenance

Avoid touching the drives PCB, handle it by its frame Until the installation of the drive is complete, keep it in the packing box or antistatic bag

Common Errors and Troubleshooting

Problem
Video or audio is broken up

Solution
Check the minimum speed of your software which you are using, the minimum speed should not be faster than your CD player. Ensure the master is the hard drive and the slave is the CD. Make certain that the CD and the sound card are connected properly by the cable. Port and power connection should be checked. Check Device Manager for this conflict

Master Slave connection Audio wont work while playing the music External CD not seen in boot While CD works after installation, other devices do not work Error: Not enough drive letters available

You should add a line to your Config.sys that says: Last drive=x

CD WRITTER
1.

Cd-rw (for compact disc, rewriteable) is a compact disc format that allows repeated recording on a disc.

2. The cd-rw format was introduced by Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi, Philips, Ricoh, and Sony. 3. Cd-rw are composed of a polycarbonate plastic substrate, a thin reflective metal coating, and a protective outer coating. 4. Cd-rw discs usually hold 74/80 minutes (650/700mb) of data, and can be rewritten as many as 1000 times.

Digital Video/ Versatile Disks (DVD)

Features
Two data layers
Pit size Double sided discs. Improved error checking code

Track density.

DVD:
A DVD is very similar to a CD, but it has a much larger data capacity. A standard DVD holds seven times more data than a cd. Data on a DVD is encoded in the form of small pits and bumps in the track of the disc. A DVD is composed of several layers of plastic, totaling about 1.2 millimeters thick. Each layer is created by injection molding polycarbonate plastic. Data track is -- just 740 nanometers separate one Track from the next (a nanometer is a billionth of a Meter. Audio-only DVDs that are recorded at speeds of up to 192khz and 24-bits.

DVD formats
DVD-ROM VD-Video DVD-Audio DVD-RAM

DVD Drives
A DVD drive can read CD The spinning speed of the disc in DVD drives is slower than CD-ROM drives. The transfer rate of a DVD is very high.