BIOLOGY FORM 4

The books needed for this class: 1. Biology F4 Textbook 2. Biology F4 - Practical Book 3. Exercise Book Essays and structures 4. Exercise Book Experiment Reports Exam Format for SPM Paper 1 50 objective questions (1 hr 15 min) Paper 2 A. 5 structured questions (2 hr 30 min) B. 2 restricted response essays (choose 1) C. 2 extended response essays (choose 1) Paper 3 1 structure question (1 hr 30 min) 1 essay (writing an experiment planning) PEKA Experiment Assessment

BIOLOGY FORM 4
CHAP 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY `Biology comes from Greek words `Bios means life, Logos means `study `Biology is study of life.

The importance of Biology To understand the various interactions around us To improve the quality of environment Prevention and treatment of disease To increase food production To improve the standard of life

The different fields of study and careers related to Biology

1.2 THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION * Involves the use of scientific skills * Scientific skills consist of two component 1. science process skills - critical,

analytical and creative thinking skills.

2. manipulative skills psychomotor skills

that enable scientists to carry out a

scientific investigation.

The scientific method

The scientific method is the process of gathering facts based on an observable event or phenomenon.

It involves scientific principles based on the following operations which are carried out systematically in stages during a scientific investigation.

Example of The scientific method

1. IDENTIFYING A PROBLEM

2. FORMING A HYPOTHESIS

3. PLANNING AN INVESTIGATION

4. IDENTIFYING & CONTROLLING VARIABLES

5. CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT

6. COLLECTING DATA OR EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

7. RECORDING DATA

8. ANALYSING & INTERPRETING DATA

9. MAKING CONCLUSION

10. WRITING A REPORT

WRITING THE EXPERIMENT REPORT 1. No. of activity 2. Objective / Aim 3. Problem Statement What type of cells can be observed in the root and stem of a dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant? 1. Hypothesis Xylem, phloem, cambium, cortex and epidermis can be observed in . 1. Variables manipulated type of plants responding- the type of plant tissues fixed- the type of microscope

Technique Drawing the structure of root and stem of a dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant which was observed under the microscope. Materials and apparatus Method / Procedure Precaution Results Discussion answer the question Conclusion