4th Information Revolution:

Entertainment
BM - 4

Mass Entertainment
Population shifted from the villages and towns to cities Coming of electricity Immigrants were coming to America

Print Media & Entertainment

Hogans Alley 1st colored effort for newspaper Yellow journalism Tabloid defines both the size and content of newspapers Rise of magazines

The Start of Recorded Music

1857 Leon Scotts phonoautograph 1807 Thomas Young

1877 Charles Cros

The Start of Recorded Music

Mary had a little lamb. Its fleece was white as snow.

Thomas Alva Edison 1877 talking machine phonograph

Phonograph Parlors
Set in motion the demand for phonograph recordings People would listen to phonograph recordings for a nickel Marching band music were favorites Patrons listened through the listening tube

From Cylinders to Disks

1888 Emile Berliner gramophone Invented a simpler way to record sounds using discs

The Victrola

1901 Berliner teamed up with Eldridge Johnson to Form the Victor Talking Machine Company

Music is now affordable.

Portable Recording: the Audiotape

1888 Oberlin Smith

1898 Valdemar Poulsen Telegraphone

1928 Fritz Pfleumer Built the successful prototype of a tape recorder

Broadcasting
Frank Conrad 1916 8XK Started the 1st commercial radio station, KDKA November 2, 1920

Growth of Radio
1923 Audience of 2M 500 stations 500k sets

1925 2million sets

1926 One house in six had a radio

Early Radio
Technology brought the radio into the parlor Gave multitudes of people a new, inexpensive source of information & entertainment Commercialization of radio gave advertisers access to this audience at home Radio programming: comedy, music, serials, drama & news.

Owning Cameras
George Eastman Introduced the camera box and the film Film: a light sensitive celluloid Kodak Three steps: pull the cord, turn the key and press the button Fixed focus lens, one speed and a fixed aperture $25 including a roll of 100 pictures February 1900 Brownie Camera was introduced $1including a 6-exposure roll of film Designed for children You press the button, we do the rest.

Effects of Photography
Delivered information that words alone could not As a tool of medicine, helped improve our health As a tool of science, it has transformed what is unknown to what is known In the field of art, portrait painting was redefined

Early Movies
Nickel theaters nickelodeons Most of the movie goers were the working class Showed short films Blacks were barred from the nickelodeons

Early Movies
-Vaudeville houses were being converted to movie houses - Slowly, middle-class Americans were embracing the movies - Movie goers wanted to escape into fantasy

George Melies
-1902 - George Melies (French) - a magician and a caricaturist - added fantasy to the movies - trick movies - used camera tricks

- A Trip to the Moon

-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aI0BmQaIIR4& mode=related&search=

The Great Train Robbery: Edwin Porter

-1903

- Edwin Porter
- a film of many firsts:

- 1st to use film editing to establish relationships

- camera moved with the action (indoors and outdoors)
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8333027786739137075&sourceid=searchfeed

The Birth of a Nation (1915)

DW Griffith
Gave birth to visual language

Had the accompaniment of live music Racially biased movie

The Actors
1909 - Carl Laemmle Florence Lawrence the Biograph Girl Audiences showed by their ticket purchases an attachment for certain actors and actresses. Creation of a star system

The Coming of Sound

Who the hell wants to hear actors talk?
- Harry M. Warner
- Warner Bros. studios first used the Vitaphone
- Vitaphone system that synchronized phonograph disc recordings with a film projector - 1926 Don Juan silent film with musical score

The Triumph of Sound

1927

The Jazz Singer

Wait a minute! Wait a minute, I tell ya! You aint heard nothing yet! Most producers were annoyed with Warner for rocking the industrial boat

Ticket sales rose sharply

More talkies were produced http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frPcFnVnXa0

The Coming of Color

1922 Herbert Camus Invented the first commercially viable color motion picture camera and process in 1915 and changed the movie-going experience forever Gone with the Wind 1st film to be shot entirely in Technicolor

Other Developments in Films

Creation

of the studio

system
A studio hired a stable of stars and production, under contract

1903 major studios moved to Hollywood Block booking

Companies would sign up theaters for as many as 104 pictures at a time

To summarize:
NEED
To escape from reality, entertainment

MEANS
Newspapers, phonoaunograph, motion picture, radio, camera

SOLUTION
Tabloid, fantasy movies, records, personal cameras

EFFECT
New use for mass media: diversion