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CHAITANYA AGRAWAL RIDDHI PARMAR RAHUL DWEVEDI

CONTENT: History, Facts and information about

Ancient Roman Architecture

Architecture - The society, culture

and life of the Romans

Architecture - Triumphal arches -

Villas - Temples - Roads - Forts and Stockades - Towns - Aqueducts

History, Facts and Information about Ancient Roman Architecture

The ancient Romans were masters of

Architecture - designing and erecting buildings.

Their skills in building and engineering,

including their invention of concrete, resulted in different types and styles of architecture including the building of forts, villas, temples, towns, baths, great walls and roads - changing the face of Europe forever.

Structures built by the ancient Romans:

Forums - squares which were surrounded by temples, shops, and basilicas Basilicas - public buildings Baths Markets such as Trajan's market in Rome - a five story complex housing shops, bars and restaurants Amphitheaters such as the Colosseum and the Circus Maximus Theatres Triumphal arches celebrating the victories of the Romans Villas Temples Roads Forts and Stockades Towns Aqueducts

ROMAN ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS: CAPITAL ROME WAS FOUND NEAR RIVER TIBER

SURROUNDED BY 7 HILLS

COAST WAS NOT INTENDED LIKE GREECE. COLUMNAR AND TRABEATED STYLE OF THE

GREEKS AND ETRUSCAN ARCH AND VAULT

EXTENSIVE USE OF LIME CONCRETE CONCRETE

HELPED NEW CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

BRICKS ON EDGES

COVERED LARGE SPANS,RIBS WERE MADE BY

ROMAN ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS: VAULTS USED BY ROMANS WERE SEMI CIRCULAR

VAULT / BARREL VAULT,CROSS VAULT, OR HEMISPHERICAL DOME

THEY CONSTRUCTED MULTI STOREYED BLDGS.

UNLiKe The gReece

ROMAN ORDERS:DORIC ORDER

IONIC ORDER
CORINITHIAN ORDER

COMPOSITE ORDER
TUSCAN ORDER

Pantheon Temple

ROMAN TUSCAN ORDER:-

EXAMPLES OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE:-

AQUEDUCTS:-

THEY PAID ATTENTION TO WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES

WATER WAS COLLECTED FROM SPRINGS/RIVERS . ARRIED BY TUNNELS,CHANNELS SUPPORTED ON

WALLS/ARCHES TO A RESERVOIR OUTSIDE A CITY.

WATER WAS SUPPLIED TO ROME VIA A NETWORK OF

NINE AQUEDUCTS

The Roman Road and Bridge:Roman roads were generally constructed in four layers with the topmost layer consisting of a pavement of flat ,hard stones, concrete or pebbles that were set in mortar.

The Romans ,in their prime, built thousands of miles of roads which stretched from Rome to Britain and from Carthage to Parthia. These roads were constructed "to last a century" and most lasted for two millennium and are still being used today.

The Roman Bath:-

Trajan's Column:-

The structure is about 30 meters (98

ft) in height, 38 including its large pedestal.

The shaft is made from a series of 18

colossal Carrara marble drums, each weighing about 40 tons, with a diameter of about 4 metres (13 ft).
The 200 meter (656 ft) frieze winds

around the shaft 23 times.

Trajan's Column is a monument in Rome

raised by order of emperor Trajan.

It is located in Trajan's Forum, built

near the Quirinal Hill, north of the Roman Forum

Palatine Hill :The Palatine Hill (Latin Palatium) is the centermost of the seven hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city of Rome in Italy..

The Arch and the Dome

ARCH:The Romans first adopted the arch from the Greeks,

and implemented it in their own building.

An arch is a very strong shape as no single spot holds all the weight and is still used in architecture today.
The Roman use of the arch and their improvements in

the use of concrete and bricks facilitated the building

The same idea produced numerous bridges.

EXAMPLE: BRIDGE OAT MARIDA..

The Roman use of the arch together with their

improvements in the use of concrete.

construction of vaulted ceilings also enabled huge

(covered) public spaces such as the public baths and basilicas.

The

Romans also based much of their architecture on the dome, such as Hadrian's Pantheon in the city of ROMe Roman architecture was sometimes determined based upon the requirements of Roman religion. For example the Pantheon was an amazing engineering feat created for religious purposes

The Pantheon :The Pantheon is a building in Rome

which was originally built as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets in the Roman state religion.
IT WAS a Christian church since

the 7th century. It is the best-preserved of all Roman buildings and the oldest important building in the world with its original roof intact.
It has been in continuous use

ThROUghOUT iTs hisTORy

PLAN

Arch of Septimius Severus

ARCH OF SEPTIMUS SEVERUS,204 AD

The white marble Arch of Septimius Severus at the

northeast end of the Roman Forum is a triumphal arch erected in 204 AD

The three archways rest on piers, in front of which

are detached Composite columns on pedestals.

The arch was raised on a travertine base originally

aPPROached by sTePs fROM The fORUM's aNcieNT LeVeL

Roman - Triumphal - Arch

Post-Roman triumphal arches

Arch of Constantine

Basilica

Basilica Aemilia:-

The Basilica Aemilia was erected in 179 BC by the

censors Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (after whom the basilica is named)

Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, completely rebuilt over two

decades and dedicated in 34 BC, restored after a fire by Augustus in 14 BC, and then again in AD 22 on its twohundredth anniversary, the Basilica Aemilia was considered by Pliny to be one of the most beautiful buildings in Rome.
It was a place for business

Basilica Julia:The Basilica Julia, named after

Julius Caesar, who dedicated it in 46 BC by Augustus, but burned shortly afterward and was not rededicated for another twenty years, in 12 AD.
It was rebuilt again by

Diocletian after the fire of 283 AD.

The Basilica was a large,

ornate, public building used for meetings and other official business
and provided space for

government offices and banking.

Basilica of Maxentius:-

The Basilica of Maxentius

(Basilica Maxentii) was the last of the great civilian basilicas on the Roman Forum.
The ruins of the basilica is

located between the Temple of Amor and Roma .

TEMPLES:-

Temple of Castor and Pollux:-

Temple of Jupiter:-

Temple of Romulus:-

Temple of Saturn:-

Temple of Venus and Roma:-

The Roman Colosseum

THE FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATRE

The Colosseum or Coliseum, originally known as the

Flavian Amphitheatre, is an amphitheatre in Rome, capable of seating 50,000 spectators, which was once used for gladiatorial combat.
The Colosseum hosted large-scale spectacular

games that included

fights between animals (venationes), the killing of prisoners by animals (see: Zoophilia:

Roman games and circus) and

other executions (noxii), naval battles

(naumachiae, via flooding the arena) up until AD 81, and combats between gladiators (munera).

The Roman Forum:-

The Roman Forum was the central

area around which ancient Rome developed.

Here the communal hearth was

located.
Originally it had been marshy

ground, which was drained by the Tarquins with the Cloaca Maxima.

Circuses:-

Circus Maximus:The Circus Maximus (Latin for largest circle) is an ancient arena and mass entertainment venue located in Rome.

Hippodrome:The Hippodrome was an

ancient Roman design to hold horse and chariot racing.

It corresponded to the

Roman circus were only four chariots ran at a time.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:ETRUSCANS FALL OF LAST KING TARQUINUS SUPERBUS ROMAN REPUBLIC WAS FORMED

ROMAN KINGS WERE ELECTED MOST FAMOUS JULIUS CEASER HE BROUGHT MOST PROSPERITY TO ROME NERO,VESPASIAN,TITUS,DOMITIAN,TRAJAN ,HADRIAN,CARCALLA GREAT PROMOTERS Of aRchiTecTURe.

The end