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Introduction To Micro grid

What is Microgrid?
It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed

to provide power for a small community.

It enables local power generation for local loads. It comprises of various small power generating sources

that makes it highly flexible and efficient.

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Introduction To Micro grid

What is Microgrid?
It is connected to both the local generating units and the

utility grid thus preventing power outages.

Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.

Micro Grid consists of Fuel cells ,Micro turbine , Reciprocating engines , wind power and PV array systems
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Introduction To Micro grid

Microgrid Components
Distributed Generation
Loads Immediate storage Controller Point of Common Coupling

Typical Micro grid is shown below:

Micro grid Operating Modes

Grid Connected Mode:
Utility grid is active. Static switch is closed All the feeders are being

supplied by utility grid.

Micro grid Operating Modes

Island Mode:
Utility grid is not supplying power Static switch is open. Feeder A, B, C are being supplied

by Microsources.
Feeder D (not sensitive )

is dead.
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The Need Of Micro grid

Micro grid could be the answer to our energy crisis.
Transmission losses gets highly reduced. Micro grid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyles.

Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to

critical loads
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Interconnected Micro grids

Interconnected Microgrids Power Parks
Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA. For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many

Microgrids to form a larger Micro grid network called Power Parks.

The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures

greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks.

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Environmental Aspects
Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy

sources.
Large land use impacts are avoided. CO2 Emissions are reduced.

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Conventional Grid vs. Micro grid

Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared

to Microgrid.
Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in

conventional grid.
Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as

Microsources) are small and are located in close proximity to load.

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Micro grid Advantages

Ability to disconnect from utility grid during disturbance and operate independently
It reduces demand on utility grid thus prevents grid

failure We can use both electricity and heat energy so that over all efficiency increases
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Advantages & Disadvantages

Microgrid Disadvantages
Voltage ,frequency and power quality should be at

acceptable limits Requires battery tanks to store which requires space and maintenance Resynchronization to utility grid is difficult Protection is difficult
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Conclusion
Micro Grids as an alternative approach to integrating

small scale distributed energy resources into electricity distribution networks, and more generally, into the current wider power system.
Micro Grids would be designed to operate

independently, usually operating connected to the grid but islanding from it, as cost effective or necessary to maintain performance.

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Thank You

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